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Psychology Perception 2nd Week. Perspective / Orientation.

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Presentation on theme: "Psychology Perception 2nd Week. Perspective / Orientation."— Presentation transcript:

1 Psychology Perception 2nd Week

2 Perspective / Orientation

3 What is it?

4 A guidance to one’s thinking. It is also considered as a lens that influences how someone views a particular situation. Example: wearing a red sunglasses will give you different view from wearing the green or any other colors.

5 Perspectives in Modern Psychology Psychodynamic Behavioral Humanistic Physiological Gestalt Cognitive Socio-Cultural

6 Psychodynamic Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) is credited with the development of psychodynamic perspective. It emphasizes the early childhood experiences on adjustment in adulthood. It explores the role of unconscious of everyday lives. Many people are unaware of the unconscious, but according to Freud, it influences who they are and what they do.

7 Psychodynamic perspective: Perspective that emphasizes the importance of early childhood experience and the unconscious in our everyday lives.

8 Behavioral The term Behaviorism was coined by a scientist named John Watson (1878-1958). Behaviorism focuses on behavior that can be seen (i.e. public events & private events). Behaviorism states that behaviors are influenced by environment.

9 Experiments done: Ivan Pavlov (1849- 1936): trained a dog to salivate when heard the sound of metronome. B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) developed a method called instrumental conditioning (value of the consequences of behavior): a child is rewarded by $5 for cleaning his own room and it encouraged his positive behavior. The result would be different if scolding and yelling were used to tell the child to clean his room.

10 Behavioral Perspective: Perspective that focuses on the behaviors that can be seen by other.

11 Humanistic Emerged as a response to previous two dominant perspectives: Psychodynamic and Behavior. Psychodynamic was considered overemphasizing on the unconscious. Behavior approach was considered cold and too mechanical. The one who adopts Humanistic perspective will see an individual as a person with potential and always striving to meet that potential.

12 Abraham Maslow (1908-1970): Self- Actualization, the journey an individual takes to meet his or her highest potential. Carl Rogers (1902-1987), developed an approach that referred to as Client Centered or Person Centered where he treated people with warmth, understanding, and respect.

13 Humanistic Perspective: Perspective that focuses on the individual as someone with potential who is constantly striving to reach that potential.

14 Physiological The connection between body and mental health. People use computerized tool (CAT scan,MRI, EEG) to study the works of brain and its connection to the body. Karl Lashley (1890-1958), a scientist who is considered as pioneer to this perspective. Studying to understand how the brain works.

15 Physiological Perspective: Perspective that examines the connection between body and mental health.

16 Gestalt Means: shape, form, or likeness. The pioneer of this perspective: Max Wertheimer (1880-1943). Seeing the world (the surrounding) as a whole or a sum of its part. Visually, this perspective has tendency to create an illusion.

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20 Gestalt Perspectives: Perspective that focuses on the individual’s perception of the world.

21 Cognitive About the importance of thought. Changing thoughts can drive to changing behavior. For human, this can mean learning from the experience so that the behavior is changed / modified.

22 Cognitive Perspective: Perspective that states our behaviors are influenced by our thoughts about a particular situation.

23 Socio-Cultural There is great diversity in our country and psychology has started to recognize the important role that culture plays in shaping who we are. Our culture is determined by our race/ethnicity, generation of age, socio-economic status, class, religion, and many other. Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) has emphasized the importance of including the influences from society and culture when trying to understand human behavior.

24 The importance of understanding one’s perspective?

25 Socio-Cultural Perspective: Perspective that emphasizes on how culture determines our behavior.


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