1. College of Health Sciences Medical Diagnostic Imaging Department Seminar to MDI Done by: Munasser dakam Munasser dakam Jaber hussain Nasser saleh Mohammed Ali Course instructor: Ms weam al shami The relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and subsequent fracture risk.

2. PURPOSE: To have report of the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and subsequent fracture risk.

3. Materials and Methods 1-In the multicenter Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF), we studied the relationship of several different BMD measures to fracture risk of multiple types in 9704 non- black women aged 65 and older. 2-we present results of the relationship of both peripheral and central BMD measures and fractures of multiple types during 10.4 and 8.5 years of follow-up,

4. Cont.. Osteoporosis is a disease of bones that leads to an increased risk of fracture. Osteoporosis literally means 'porous bones'. The two Greek words which make up the term osteoporosis are "osteon" which means bone and "poros" which means pore.In osteoporosis the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced

5. Cont.. BMD: Bone density (or bone mineral density) is a medical term referring to the amount of matter per square centimeter of bones.Bone density (or BMD) is used in clinical medicine as an indirect indicator of osteoporosis and fracture risk

7. Falling and the force of impact

8. This image shows the bones that fracture more often in people with osteoporosis; the ones colored green are the sites of "major osteoporotic fractures": hip, spine, shoulder and forearm. osteoporotic fracture as one associated with low bone mineral density and had an increased incidence with adult age.

9. BMD and fracture risk Peripheral BMD was significantly associated with all types of fractures studied except facial fractures

11. DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absortiometry) imaging is used to assess risk of osteoporotic fracture (Dual Energy X-ray Absortiometry) imaging is used to assess risk of osteoporotic fracture

13. Result Our results show that almost all types of fractures have an increased incidence in women with low BMD. However, hip BMD is somewhat more strongly related to most of the fracture types studied than spine or peripheral BMD measures

14. Conclusion Finding effective prevention strategies for fractures in older women will require additional interventions beside preventions for bone loss, such as prevention of falls and other fracture risk factors

15. REFERENCE 1 Wasnich RD, Ross PD, Heilbrun LK, Vogel JM 1985 Prediction of postmenopausal fracture risk with use of bone mineral measurements. Am J Obstet Gynecol 153:745 – 751. 2 Gardsell P, Johnell O, Nilsson BE 1989 Predicting fractures in women by using forearm bone densitometry. Calcif Tissue Int 44:235 – 242. 3 Hui SL, Slemenda CW, Johnston CC Jr 1989 Baseline measurement of bone mass predicts fracture in white women. Ann Intern Med 111:355 – 361. 4 Jensen GF, Christiansen C, Boesen J, Hegedus V, Transbol I 1983 Relationship between bone mineral content and frequency of postmenopausal fractures. Acta Med Scand 213:61 – 63. 5 Nguyen T, Sambrook P, Kelly P, Jones G, Lord S, Freund J, Eisman J 1993 Prediction of osteoporotic fractures by postural instability and bone density. BMJ 307:1111 – 1115. 6 Black DM, Cummings SR, Genant HK, Nevitt MC, Palermo L, Browner W 1992 Axial and appendicular bone density predict fractures in older women. J Bone Miner Res 7:633 – 638.

16. THE END ANY QUESTION

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