1. The New Deal How would you begin to revive the economy?

2. Examine the Issues  How can the government help failing industries?  What can be done to ease unemployment?  What would you do to restore public confidence and economic security?  How would you get money to pay for your proposed recovery programs?

3. A New Deal Fights the Depression Main Idea After becoming president, Franklin Delano Roosevelt used government programs to combat the Depression. Why it Matters Today Americans still benefit from programs begun in the New Deal, such as bank and stock market regulations and the Tennessee Valley Authority.

6. Americans Get a New Deal  The 1932 Presidential election showed that Americans were clearly ready for a change.  Electing Franklin D. Roosevelt  FDR-Democrat  “Can-do” attitude  Waiting for Roosevelt to Take Over  4 mos. Between Nov. and inauguration in Jan.  During this time he picked advisors-professors, lawyers, and journalists-”Brain Trust”  Designed to help with the Depression-”New Deal”  New Deal focused on 3 goals:  Relief for the needy  Economic recovery  Financial Reform

7. The Hundred Days  On taking office, the Roosevelt administration launched a period of intense activity, known as the Hundred Days.  Congress passed more than 15 major pieces of New Deal legislation. Hundred Days Mar.9-June 16,1933 Banking & Finance Bank Holiday-Mar.5 Emergency Relief Act

8. Fireside Chats  Roosevelt had radio talks about issues of public concern, explaining in clear, simple language his New Deal measures.  He explained the banking system to listeners.  Wanted people to trust the banks.

9. Regulating Banking and Finance Regulating Banking & Finance Glass-Steagall Act Federal Deposit Insurance Corp (FDIC) Federal Securities Act Provide Info about stock offerings  1934- Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC)  Regulate the stock market

10. Helping the American People  Roosevelt’s administration implemented programs to provide relief to farmers and aid other workers and stimulate the economy. Helping Americans Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Civil Works Admin. (CWA) Public Works Admin.(PWA) National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

12. Food, Clothing, & Shelter  Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)  Loans to homeowners  Federal Housing Administration (FHA)  Loans for home mortgages & repairs  Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)  Direct relief for the needy

13. The New Deal Comes Under Attack  Pres. Roosevelt agreed to a policy of deficit spending- spending more money than the government receives in revenue.  Liberal critics argued that the New Deal didn’t go far enough to help the poor & reform the nation’s economic system.  Conservative critics argued that he spent too much on direct relief.  Supreme Court Reacts  NIRA was unconstitutional- ruled that is gave too much control to the executive branch in regulating industry.  AAA- agriculture was a local matter.  Roosevelt- “Court Packing”

14. Article III of the Constitution  Tenure  The Constitution provides that judges "shall hold their Offices during good Behavior." The term "good behavior" is interpreted to mean that judges may serve for the remainder of their lives, although they may resign or retire voluntarily.  The Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937, frequently called the court-packing plan, was a legislative initiative to add more justices to the Supreme Court proposed by FDR.  Most controversial provision would have granted the President power to appoint an additional Justice to the U.S. Supreme Court for every sitting member over the age of 70, up to a maximum of six.

15. Three Fiery Critics Father Charles Coughlin Dr. Francis Townsend Huey P. Long National Income More to help the Elderly Share the Wealth Programs

16. A New Deal Fights the Depression Review  How did Roosevelt change the role of the federal government during his first hundred days?  FDR expanded the role of the government through programs designed to restore public confidence and provide jobs.  Summarize the reasons why some people opposed the New Deal.  Some said the New Deal gave government too much power. Others argued it didn’t provide enough aid.

17. The Second New Deal Takes Hold Main Idea The Second New Deal included new programs to extend federal aid and stimulate the nation’s economy. Why it Matters Today Second New Deal programs continue to assist homebuyers, farmers, workers, and the elderly in the 2000’s

19. The Second Hundred Days  By 1935, the Roosevelt administration was seeking ways to build on the programs established during the hundred days.  Unemployment remained high despite government work programs, and production still lagged behind the levels of the 1920’s.  During the second New Deal, Roosevelt called on Congress to provide more relief for both farmers and workers.  Eleanor Roosevelt-pushed her husband to appoint women to government positions.  FDR- Re-elected in 1936.

20. Helping Farmers  In the mid-1930’s, two of every five farms in the U.S. were mortgaged, and thousands of small farmers lost their farms. Aid to Farmers Soil Conservation & Domestic Allotment Act Cut production Of depleting crops Rewarded them for Practicing good Conservation methods Farm Security Administration Loaned money to tenant farmers Established camps for Migrant workers

21. Roosevelt Extends Relief  As part of the Second New Deal, the Roosevelt administration and Congress set up a series of programs to help youths, professionals, and other workers.  Works Progress Administration (WPA)- headed by Harry Hopkins.  1935-1943- WPA spent $11 billion to give jobs to 8 million workers.  They built airports, roads, & public buildings.  People painted murals on walls of schools  National Youth Administration (NYA)  Provided education, jobs, counseling, and recreation for young people.

22. Improving Labor and Other Reforms Settle disputes between employees and employers Workers had a right to join a Union Set minimum wage and max hours 1.65 or older 2.Unemployment compensation 3.Aid to families w/dependent children Provided affordable electricity to rural areas Labor Relations Wagner Act (NLRB) Fair Labor Standards Act Social Security Rural Electrification Act

23. The Second New Deal Takes Hold Review  In what ways did the New Deal programs extended federal aid?  The New Deal offered aid through programs, such as the WPA, NYA, FSA, and Social Security. These programs offered jobs, loans, and aid to those in need.  How did the Wagner Act help working people?  The Wagner Act supported the right of workers to unionize.

24. The New Deal Affects Many Groups Main idea New Deal policies and actions affected various social and ethnic groups. Why it Matters Today The New Deal made a lasting impact on increasing the government’s role in the struggle for equal rights.

25. The New Deal Brings New Opportunities  In some ways, the New Deal represented an important opportunity for minorities and women, but they were limited.  Women Make Their Mark  Women are named to gov. positions  Frances Perkins- 1 st female cabinet member.

26. African-American Activism  A. Phillip Randolph- organized the country’s first all-black trade union. The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. African American Activism Mary McLeod Bethune Negro Affairs Of the National Youth Administration “Black Cabinet” President Fails to Support Refused to approve an Anti-lynching laws New Deal programs discriminated

27. Mexican-American & Native Americans  Many Mexican-American tended to support the New Deal, even though they received fewer benefits than African-Americans.  Many found work on farms in the southwest.  Native Americans received strong government support from the New Deal.  Received full citizenship  John Collier-head on Indian affairs

28. Indian Reorganization Act (1934) Changes In 3 Areas EconomicCulturalPolitical Native American lands would belong to the entire tribe. Prohibited the Gov’t from taking over unclaimed lands Children could attend on reservations Could elect their own councils to govern their reservations

29. FDR Creates the New Deal Coalition  One of FDR’s greatest achievements was to create the New Deal coalition.  An alignment of diverse groups dedicated to supporting the Democratic Party. (Southern Whites, Urban groups, Ethnic groups) New Deal Coalition Labor Unions Flourish 1933-1941- Union membership Grew 3 mil to 10 mil Committee of Industrial Organization (CIO) Labor Disputes Sit-downs, Strikes Republic Steel Plant in Chicago-1937

30. New Deal Affects Many Groups Review  Summarize the impact the New Deal had on various ethnic groups.  FDR failed to support civil rights for African Americans. Mexican Americans worked for low wages. Native Americans benefited from the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934.  Why did many urban voters support Roosevelt and the Democratic Party?  The Democrats supported labor legislation and programs that helped the urban poor.

31. Culture in the 1930’s Main Idea Motion pictures, radio, art, ad literature blossomed during the New Deal. Why it Matters Today The films, music, art, and literature of the 1930’s still captivate today’s public.

32. Gone With the Wind  Novel/Film  Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh  Life among Southern Plantation owners during the Civil War

33. Mr. Smith Goes to Washington  Film  Frank Capra  Honest, kindhearted people winning out over greedy special interests

34. The War of the Worlds  Radio/Book  Orson Wells or H.G. Wells  Martian Invasion of Earth

35. Waiting for Lefty  Play  Clifford Odets  Labor struggle of the 1930s

36. Native Son  Novel  Richard Wright  Difficulties faced by a young man trying to survive in a racist world

37. The Grapes of Wrath  Novel  John Steinbeck  Difficulties of Oklahomans who leave the Dust Bowl for California

38. Our Town  Play  Thorton Wilder  Warmth and beauty of small- town life in New England

39. American Gothic  Painting  Grant Wood  Two stern-faced farmers; rural life during the Depression

40. The Impact of the New Deal Main Idea The New Deal affected American society not only in the 1930’s but also in the decades that followed. Why it Matters Today Americans still debate over how large a role government should play in American life.

41. New Deal Reforms Endure  By 1937, the economy had improved enough to convince many Americans that the Depression was finally ending.  FDR begins to scale back New Deal programs.  Supporters & Critics of the New Deal  Conservatives- federal gov. too large/too powerful  Liberals- Roosevelt didn’t do enough  Supporters- believe he had a reasonable balance between-unregulated capitalism and overregulated socialism.  Expanding Government’s Role in the Economy  Federal Gov. had a larger role-particularly the President.  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)  Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

42. New Deal Reforms Endure-Cont’  Protecting Workers’ Rights  National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)  Banking & Finance  SEC- oversees the stock market  FDIC- insures people’s money is protected against loss.

43. Social & Environmental Effects  New Deal economic and financial reforms, including the creation of the FDIC, SEC, and Social Security, have helped to stabilize the nation’s finances and economy. Social & Environmental Effects Social Security Old-age insurance Aid to the disabled Families w/dependents Rural Scene Commodity Credit Corp. Parity Price Environment CCC Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

44. The Impact of the New Deal Review  List five New Deal agencies that are still in place today.  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation(FDIC), Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC), National Labor Relations Board(NLRB), Social Security, and Tennessee Valley Authority(TVA).  What benefits did the Tennessee Valley Authority provide? What negative impact did it have?  Provided flood control, hydroelectric power, conservation, recreational facilities; coal burning caused environmental pollution.

45. Test Today! The New Deal  Place the following notes in order:  A New Deal Fights the Depression Notes  A New Deal Fights the Depression Guided Reading  The Second New Deal  The New Deal Affects Many Groups  Society and Culture/The Impact of the New Deal  After the test pick up the Crossword/Word Search for Causes of WWII