1. America At War
U.S. In World War II

2. Essential Question:
What role did the U.S. play in winning the wars in Europe & the Pacific?

3. When the U.S. entered WW2 in late 1941, victory seemed remote
Japan dominated the western half of the Pacific Ocean
Germany controlled almost all of Europe
Germany pressed into Russia
Axis armies controlled Northern Africa & threatened the Suez Canal
But…over the next 2 years, the U.S. & the Allies began to win the wars in Europe & the Pacific

4. England wanted to attack Italy from Northern Africa in 1942
Europe
England wanted to attack Italy from Northern Africa in 1942
The USSR “freed” Poland, Hungary, Romania
The U.S. wanted to attack across Nazi-controlled France by 1943
In 1942, U.S.-Anglo troops began the Italian campaign & Stalin was ANGRY
To win the European campaign, 2 different plans were proposed
In 1943, the Soviet army won at Stalingrad; Germany was never again on the offensive

5. The Allies began to win the Battle of the Atlantic in 1941 with Lend-Lease aid, but took control in 1943 with America’s entry into the war

6. The long-awaited 2nd front came on June 6, 1944 with D-Day
Europe
U.S. & British troops landed at 5 strategic points, pushed through France drove towards Germany
The long-awaited 2nd front came on June 6, 1944 with D-Day

7. Allied ingenuity helped win the war: U. S
Allied ingenuity helped win the war: U.S. soldiers were trained to problem-solve rather than wait for orders
Hedgerows in Normandy

8. Yalta Conference in February 1945
The “Big 3” met at Yalta to discuss post-war Europe given the eminent defeat of Germany:
Stalin refused to give up Eastern Europe but he did agree to “self-determination”
Stalin agreed to send Soviet troops to the Pacific after the German surrender if the USSR could keep Manchuria
To recognize the independence & sovereignty of nations in Eastern Europe

10. Soon after the Yalta Conference in Feb 1945, FDR died…and Harry Truman became president

11. In late April 1945, the Allies broke through the Eastern & Western Fronts forcing both Italy & Germany to surrender

12. The Doolittle Raid on Tokyo on April 18, 1942 was a morale boost
“Island-hopping” allowed the Allies to win strategic islands without investing precious time, resources, & American lives
The Doolittle Raid on Tokyo on April 18, 1942 was a morale boost
U.S. victory at Midway in 1942 gave the Allies naval supremacy

13. The Japanese refused to play by according to the Geneva Convention “rules” of war

14. World War II in the Pacific
The German surrender in May 1945, allowed the U.S. to turn its full attention towards Japan
Victories at Saipan in 1944 & Iwo Jima & Okinawa in 1945 allowed for bombings on Japan

15. The Decision to Drop the A-Bomb
With no definitive end it sight, how would the Allies defeat Japan?
The U.S. military favored a full-scale invasion of Tokyo by 1946
The Japanese refused to surrender & were arming civilians for an Allied invasion
At the Potsdam Conference in July 1945, Truman gave the order to use the atomic bomb

16. Enrico Fermi at the University of Chicago

17. Triumph & Tragedy in the Pacific
In August 1945, the USA forced Japan to surrender by dropping 2 atomic bombs
Effect of the atomic bomb:
Saved hundreds of thousands of American (& Japanese) lives
Revenge for Pearl Harbor
Showed the USSR that the USA had the ultimate weapon (began the Cold War nuclear arms race)

18. Nagasaki
Hiroshima

20. Its Finally Over!

21. WW2 Timeline (Allies, Axis, USSR)

22. Results of War 60 million killed European empires ended
Independence movements begin
America becomes world economic, military and political superpower
GI Bill of Rights
Provided education costs for veterans
Nuremberg
Trial to punish Nazis for Holocaust and crimes against Humanity
Establish precedent that leaders and military people are responsible for wartime actions