1. Writing
Chapter 8

2. How writing develops (small group discussion)
Scribbling and drawing stage
Prephonemic stage
Early phonemic stage
Letter-naming stage
Transitional stage

3. What is age-appropriate?
Kindergarten-
First grade
Second grade
Third grade

4. Stages of the Writing Process
Planning/prewriting
Composing/drafting
Revising
Editing
Publishing

5. Basic Structure and Parts of a Writer’s Workshop
Takes place 2 or 3 times a week
Often alternates with reader’s workshops or literature circles
Involves rotating through different writing stations
Parts:
Minilessons
State-of-the-class conferences
Writing and conferencing
Group sharing

6. Planning/Prewriting Stage
Exploring and organizing ideas to write about:
Two-column method (list of likes/dislikes)
List of topics attached to the inside of a writing folder
Graphic organizers
Brainstorming
Clustering

7. Composing/Drafting Stage
Develop topics and translate ideas into written form
Mark key concepts developed during brainstorming

8. First Drafts or Rough Drafts
From the graphic organizers and brainstorming maps the students can pull which ideas he or she deems most important. The student can then use these ideas to begin writing. Students may find difficulty getting started in this stage of writing. If the student has done complete brainstorming, then they should be able to begin elaborating on the topic.

9. Let their writing guide your instruction
As a writing teacher you may not know which things to work on with your students to improve writing.
Use their writing samples to guide your instruction.
Teach using mini lessons. These are 5-10 minute lessons targeting a skill that is needed based on their writing.
Show a new skill to the class and give examples of how to incorporate it into their writing.
Challenge students to use the new skill in the revising stage.

10. Possible Mini lesson Topics
Let your student’s writing guide your instruction.
Appropriate vocabulary and strategies for finding words
How to determine when a paragraph is needed
How to select specific mood words
The conventions for a business letter
Procedures for writer’s workshop
How to select a topic
Examples of imagery from familiar literature

11. Revising Stage Involves: Methods:
Re-examining content, word choice, and organization
Rethinking style
Methods:
Response guides (compliments and questions)
Peer editing (PQP—praise, question, and polish)

12. Editing Phase
The piece of writing is the student’s original work so the student should be the one to edit his or her piece of writing.
You may provide hints and corrections on a separate page or sticky notes.
Never use a red pen!!!
Provide a checklist for them to use in editing.

13. Editing Stage— Example Editing Checklist

14. Writing and Conferencing
Characteristics:
Should be brief
Focus is on a piece of writing the student is doing
Each day is different
The teacher is a co-collaborator rather than an authority.
Students should take an active role by asking questions.

15. 6 + 1 Trait Writing Guide to Revision

16. Publishing Stage Actual book format Classroom bulletin board
Forms of sharing and disseminating writing:
Actual book format
Classroom bulletin board
School showcases
Class or school newspaper
Magazines
Websites for students’ work
For example,

17. Reasons for Group Sharing or Author’s Chair
Gives students an opportunity to impress an audience
Allows peer editors to see how their ideas had an effect on the piece
Builds a sense of community
Makes literacy public
Shows interconnectedness between reading and writing

18. Using Technology in Classroom Writing
Websites:
Used for further research and understanding of a topic
Used to publish writing
Word processing programs:
Used for generating ideas, prewriting, brainstorming, free associating, revising, and editing
Used to produce a professional-looking piece of writing

19. Writing Extended Narrative Text
Gives students a feeling of accomplishment and pride
Challenges them to produce a complex set of characters who evolve
Helps them write something similar to an adult novel in scope and size

20. Writing Informational Text
Explains an idea, object, or process
Presents material whose purpose is to explain or inform and to tell readers something they may not already know
Can be easier than narrative text to find topics to write about

21. Writing for fun
Story cubes in groups