1. DESIGN AND PROTOTYPING PROJECTS FOR ISS NASA HUNCH

2. NASA LINKS FOR EDUCATORS AND STUDENTS http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/m ain/index.html#.VAc9w_ldVio http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/m ain/index.html#.VAc9w_ldVio http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/#. VAc-UfldVio http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/#. VAc-UfldVio http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/#.V Ac-iPldVio http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/#.V Ac-iPldVio www.nasahunch.com Design and Prototyping gives Students the opportunity to help develop important hardware and features that could help the astronauts live more functionally and aid in the scientific and engineering capability on the International Space Station. The Following slides have different project ideas that students could work toward for the 2015-2016 school year. Talk with your mentor to determine the dates for your Preliminary Design Review (December to January time frame), Final Design Review (April to May time frame) and the Awards Ceremony (May time frame).

3. SPOT CLEANING Problem  The ISS does not have a washing machine for clothing. All clothing is used for an extended amount of time and then thrown away. This is due to resources and crew time. Unfortunately clothes and fabric panels still get stains. So what do you do when your fresh party shirt gets a stain?  Develop a small spot cleaner for clothes or panels.  Cleaning clothes like we do on Earth is not an option in microgravity, and any solutions would have to take into account for the recycling of water on the space station.  Desire to use minimal fluid and no alcohol allowed, spot cleaning preferred method (why can’t you just use shout wipes? Environmental control group at NASA does not allow on ISS due to chemical component issues).  Potential project could be very small/compact/little use of water/recycling concepts for spot cleaning. Keep in mind fungal and bacterial growth as potentials on space station. Resources http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k- 4/home/F_Living_in_Space.html http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k- 4/home/F_Living_in_Space.html http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/living/ http://www.universetoday.com/101775/an- inside-look-at-the-waterurine-recycling-system- on-the-space-station/ http://www.universetoday.com/101775/an- inside-look-at-the-waterurine-recycling-system- on-the-space-station/ http://space.about.com/od/livinginspace/a/wat errecycling.htm http://space.about.com/od/livinginspace/a/wat errecycling.htm

4. EXERCISE CONCEPTS Exercise concepts (simple) to create resistance in a microgravity environment. The Orion vehicle is a capsule that will support people traveling for 23 or more days and will need exercise equipment for their mission. It’s important to have small, portable, simple concepts aside from the more complex machines they currently use on the Station. Resistance in both directions of motion is preferable. Important exercises needed: Lower abs, stretching of hamstring, exercises for shoulder and rotator cuff, stretching lower back. Low resistance, high rep, look at exercises done by baseball pitchers to help with their rotator cuffs. What happens if the crewmember releases in mid stroke? Is it dangerous? Before getting into potential design ideas for exercise, please research all aspects of the microgravity environment for exercise. http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp7/lulet ters/lu_letter7.html http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/crew/exp7/lulet ters/lu_letter7.html http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/teach ingfromspace/dayinthelife/exercise-adil-index.html http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/teach ingfromspace/dayinthelife/exercise-adil-index.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxImeOomkU k https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxImeOomkU k http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/astronauts/living- exercising.asp

5. TRASH BAG HOLDER FOR THE GALLEY TABLE The station currently uses a green, 2L, “Sea to Summit” nylon bag from REI. It has been modified to have a draw string. Nylon is considered flammable and must be contained within a nonflammable container. The current nomex bag container is difficult to work with as there is a 4”x 6” Velcro on the closing flap lid, too much. The restraining Velcro loops on the back are too far down the bag and allows the top of the bag to flop instead of staying still when putting trash inside. The galley table has handrails, seat track D-rings and many locations for Velcro. The trash bag holder should have a method for holding the trash bag in place, some kind of easy to use closing mechanism and hold a quantity of rubber bands.

6. TAPE DISPENSER – Tape is difficult to manage on-orbit and a one-hand-operable solution is desired. There are 22 different kinds of tape on orbit but a dispenser is currently only needed for the Kapton tape, and Duct Tape. Fresh roll of Kapton tape– ID= 3” OD= 4” width of tape is either 1” or 2” Fresh roll of Gray tape (duct tape)– ID= 3” OD= 6 ¾” width of tape is either 1” or 2” One handed use of tape is important. Cutting edge should be protected so crew isn’t cut by accident when floating past. Helpful if individual rolls can be stowed together but may be separated for a specific job. Seat track, handrail and/or Velcro attachment are good options for restraint. Velcro may be week for one handed operation. The pictures are only to illustrate that there are many different types of tape dispensers—don’t limit your ideas to what you have seen. ID OD

7. 3D PRINTED CLIP ON TABS FOR TOOLS Problem Many of the end mill holders for the shop mills have small dimly written labels that can be difficult to read in the shop lighting. Some of the end mills are also specific to a particular part for a job and could cause difficulty if mixed up with other tools. Goal Develop clip-on label holders for the end mills that could be put on and taken off quickly with easy to read identifiers. This project is primarily for metal shop and/or Intro to Engineering Design Classes

8. APP DEVELOPMENT/DEVICE INTERFACING Astronauts travel extensively while getting training before launch to many different countries and time zones—Russia, Japan, Germany, Canada. This causes difficulty with jet lag and being awake for the training at hand. The crew needs to know when they should shift their sleep hours to make their transitions to the new location easier. Develop software to help crew know when they sleep shift to avoid jet lag and to be alert before and after their travel. Crew primarily uses Apple based products Could be for the iPhone or iPad. Might use a map that interfaces with the schedule calendar to give recommendations on when to sleep. Problem Requirements and suggestions

9. RADIATION PROTECTION Information The orbital path of the ISS is protected somewhat by the magnetosphere around the Earth from heavy radiation. During Long duration missions, the crew will no longer have that protection and will need to find simple ways to protect the crew from space radiation. Looking for simple concept ideas for direct crew protection, vehicle protection, crew quarters protection Resources http://www.mars-one.com/faq/health-and- ethics/how-much-radiation-will-the-settlers-be- exposed-to http://www.mars-one.com/faq/health-and- ethics/how-much-radiation-will-the-settlers-be- exposed-to http://srag- nt.jsc.nasa.gov/SpaceRadiation/How/How.cfm http://srag- nt.jsc.nasa.gov/SpaceRadiation/How/How.cfm

10. SPORTS/PARLOR GAME Problem To date there are not any games designed specifically for zero gravity. Some crews have developed some games that were played for the short time they were on orbit but it wasn’t planned out and rules were not written. Each game was limited to that one mission. Goal Imagine some kind of alteration of darts, croquet, horseshoes, Quiddich, space station ping pong, 3D golf, table football…… (something new) that is designed specifically for zero gravity. Look at Don Petit Youtube videos and try and mix science with some game ideas. Things to consider: Can’t damage equipment Air currents change from one module to the next and they will blow with different strengths and directions. Without gravity paper airplanes don’t fly the same on the station as they do here. What kind of “ball” or “dart” could be designed on the ground and then have the crew print out on orbit for the crew to try? In Frisbee golf, a player might have several different Frisbees to make a shot—putter, long throw, curves right, curves left….. What would be the needs for the player who is trying make a goal in the Lab when they are floating in the FGB? Resources Space Station Layout http://www.space.com/3-international-space-station.html Space Station air circulation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_support_system Station Tour (there are lots of others) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGvA8kS-_5M

11. MOLDS WITH 3-D PRINTER (THIS PROJECT PRIMARILY FOR CLASSES THAT USE AUTO DESK PRODUCTS) Problem: The current 3D printer uses ABS plastic. ABS plastic is too brittle for some applications on orbit and too rigid for other applications. However, it might be perfect for making molds for materials that fit the Stations needs. Goal: Demonstrate the ability to mold a part on orbit with the currently available materials and lead the way for a variety of more appropriate materials to be flown in the future for repairs. 1.Injection mold—with foaming RTV or dental epoxy 2.Press epoxy putty into mold—like injection mold but with the thick, viscus putty material 3.Waffle iron—squirt expanding foam into one half of mold, assemble with other side of mold and allow to cure. This may help minimize void problems without gravity to help 4.Scaffolding—print a loose structure frame work and squirt epoxy material to take up space in the structure. Use capillary action to draw liquid into structure. Stronger than ABS plastic and the epoxy by itself--like reinforced concrete 5.Add wire or other metal structure to any of these mold activities to act as “rebar” to add strength to the part. 6.Other ideas? Learn about different types of molds and casting. Apply the methods that might be possible in zero-g. Avoid loose particulate and hot substances. Foaming Silicone RTV http://www.geocel.co.uk/catalogue/single-product/fire- acoustic/dow-corning-firestop-3-6548-silicone-rtv-foam Epoxy Putty http://ows.rectorseal.com/product-data/epoxy-putty/dsep200.htm Releasing agent http://www.2spi.com/catalog/vac/b/braycote-601EF Field’s metal http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field's_metal Requirements and Tips

12. Space Slippers Since crew are not walking while on orbit, they loose the calluses on the bottom of their feet. However, because they are using the tops of their feet to hold themselves on the handrails, the tops of their feet can get sore until they build up calluses. Don Pettit modified some earthbound slippers to help by putting the leather on the top of the sock. HUNCH has been given the task to build new space slippers that would improve on Don’s idea. Suggestions: The pictures show a knitted sock, use a tighter weave sock to avoid snags–Sock should be an appropriate thickness for a temperature range of 68 to 73 degrees F of the Station. The sock should at least cover the ankle but should not go above the calf. The leather pad should be flexible but still thick enough to spread out the force on the foot– possibly deer skin. The leather pad should go from under the toes to the top of the foot but should not interfere with the motion of the ankle. Expect that each crew member will dispose of this at the end of their mission—it won’t fly back home.

13. COLORIMETER HOSE HOLDER Problem— The Waste and Hygiene Compartment (Space Toilet) uses a colored acid to prevent salt and precipitate crystals from urine from damaging hardware. This acid has been known to not get diluted properly due to difficulties with the dose pump that mixes the acid with water. The WHC team needs a holder for the transparent line that carries this fluid so a colorimeter can measure the color of the fluid and describe the concentration numerically. Students will work with ground engineers to design and print out a specialized block that will hold a double walled transparent hose to allow a colorimeter to have repeatable color measurements of the fluid within the hose. This hose holder will be used on station for diagnostic purposes of the WHC and aid in solving problems with the water recovery system. This device may be printed on the ground and flown or printed on orbit depending on the needs of the program.

14. BATTERY ADAPTER HOLDER FOR UNIVERSAL BATTERY CHARGER Problem Requirements and suggestions The crew has received a new universal battery charger. Each of the different kinds of battery on the station has a different adapter but there isn’t a holder for all the different adapters. The crew would like to have the adapters stowed close to the battery charger instead of in another locker in a different module. The method could be a special bag or a rack like how cassettes or CD could be stowed. It needs to have a positive capture on the adapters so they can’t float away. It should take up as little space as possible. Use only flight approved materials: aluminum, nomex, ULTEM plastic, polycarbonate…. Request more information from HUNCH Mentor

15. CREW QUARTERS LINT CATCHER Problem Over time dust collects in the ducting, on the fans and the air flow sensors of the CQ. Mission Control had the crew install some thin gauze on the inlet grills with tape that catches some of the dust and allows the crew to vacuum the dust off once a week. This gauze is not as durable or permanent as NASA would like and would prefer a more permanent solution that might include a wire gauze and an easier access for cleaning. Crew Quarters is the “bedroom” and private space for each crew member. Air is pulled in from the module at the front of the CQ and blown across the head of the resting crew member. A second fan pulls air away from the their feet and returns the air out to the module so there is constant air flow through the CQ preventing CO2 pockets. The crew is currently cleaning the ducting once per mission which takes about 3 hours. Constraints and tips Could be a grill that is installed on top of the current grills or installs on the CQ instead of the current grills. Needs to have a minimal impediment on the current air flow of the CQ Will be primarily collecting skin and lint. Must be durable so it can be cleaned Easily removed and vacuumed Request more information from HUNCH Mentor Outside Inlet Air Grill Inside Inlet Air Grill

16. CREW QUARTERS TEMPORARY CO2 SCRUBBER Problem  Some crew have been waking up with head aches, we believe the CQ has good air flow but there is high CO2 in the station when the CDRA is not functioning to its capacity.  The program would like to have a contingency method of scrubbing CO2 from the local air of the CQ to help crew rest better if the CDRA is working poorly. Design a bracket that will hold six zeolite packets in front of the CQ grill that will allow removal of CO2 from the air flow but not inhibit the flow. Crew Quarters is the “bedroom” and private space for each crew member. Air is pulled in from the module at the front of the CQ and blown across the head of the resting crew member. A second fan pulls air away from the their feet and returns the air out to the module so there is constant air flow through the CQ preventing CO2 pockets. Constraints and Tips  The bracket should be easy to remove and replace from the grill.  The packets should be easy to remove and replace from the bracket.  These zeolite packets will be  These packets will be 3” x 3” x 3/4” and made of anodized aluminum and stainless steel mesh that could be placed in the food warmer (temperatures up to 185F) to bake out the absorbed CO2 so they can be used again.  This bracket should not impede air flow out of the grill but still provide surface area for the CO2 removal.  Due to airflow requirements, airflow in the vertical direction coming from the vent can not be altered.  Request more information from HUNCH Mentor Right /left louver adjustment Fan speed High med low Grill

17. VIBRATION ISOLATION BOX Problem Sometimes a payload needs to send up materials or equipment that are sensitive to the vibrations associated with the launch and re- entry loads. We need a vibration isolation system for a box that can hold small, sensitive payloads. This isolation system and box should fit inside a Shuttle Locker with interior dimensions of 430mm x 510mm x 250mm to dampen out the vibrations during the launch and re-entry of a capsule. Requirements and tips The object to be launched may be as massive 15kg with a volume as large as 300mm x 260mm x 190mm. Easy to open and close and lock Allows for decompression of the launch vehicle without expansion Re-useable Flight appropriate materials—not flammable, no off- gassing Can be packed into the vehicle in any orientation

18. FOOD PRESERVATION Problem: NASA sends a large variety of food to the station for the crew. Unfortunately there is a lot of fresh food (apples, carrots, bell peppers, bananas) that can’t be stowed for long periods of time without them going bad. Goal: Develop methods to send up fresh food that would allow crew to store “fresh” fruits and vegetables for longer periods of time. Requirements and tips Do not introduce new chemicals to the station atmosphere. Utilize some of the food preservation, techniques, technology and materials used in the food industry. Try to minimize the packing materials Try to limit yourself to only 1 or 2 types of food for your project but if it applies to many, show it.

19. METHODS FOR KILLING OFF BACTERIA AND MOLD Problem The ISS has a limited number of methods to kill off bacteria and mold. Due to residues and chemical reactions with air and water recycling, sending up alcohol and other biocides is difficult. We need a biocide that kills bacteria without leaving materials that will damage the current air and water supply. Develop a method of killing bacteria and mold without using liquid chemicals and detergents that could damage the station equipment. Currently the station uses BZK (Benzalkonium Chloride) based solutions in wipes. An alternative is needed. Requirements and tips Could be a biocidal cloth that could be wiped on surfaces—X-static cloth could be placed over a panel with fungus or bacterial growth to kill off the material Needs to not damage or stain the ISS materials—allodine and anodized aluminum, painted surfaces, Nomex and gortex cloth

20. MASS MEASURING DEVICE Problem: NASA and RSA have mass measuring devices designed to measure the mass of a person but they don’t have anything to measure small masses on the order of 2 kg and less for experiments. Design and build a mass measuring device for experiments that can handle a variety of different volumes (on the order of a liter and smaller) and masses (on the order of 2kg down to 5 g ) with an accuracy down to 1%. Tips and suggestions The intention is to be able to measure the mass of mice without stressing hurting or stressing them. Crystals or quantities of liquid may also need to be measured. NASA has used both vibrational (Sky Lab) and F=ma (space shuttle and ISS—SLAMM D) style mass measuring devices. A rotational mass scale has also been tested successfully in zero-g. Many high school physics lab manuals have an experiment for measuring inertial mass using vibrations that you should try. Is there a way to use a gyroscope for measuring mass of an object? Your device should fit into an ISIS drawer to limit contact with equipment –150mm x 309mm x 570 mm If rotation, limit to 45 RPM or less.—less is better (imagine being the mouse being spun). Final flight designs will have to incorporate only flight approved materials: aluminum, nomex, ULTEM plastic, polycarbonate…

21. LOOSE ARTICLE BAG AND PANEL Problem: Because of the zero-g environment, loose items like small tools, screws, nuts, Q-tips….. can be ejected out of zip lock bags when the bag is opened. Crew often use double sided tape to hold screws and tools while disassembling and reassembling equipment but sometimes tape residue causes problems. Develop a few different style bags or items that would help keep loose items from getting away from the crew member while they are working and opening bags. Tips and suggestions Gecko tape is new non-adhesive tape that utilizes very small filaments and Van der Waal’s forces to stick to objects. Static electricity is possible but sparks could be troublesome to electronics Air flow is sometimes used to control loose particles—like having a fan and bag that keeps the crumbs from food from getting into a person’s face. (battery power would allow it to be portable) It is helpful to be able to see in the bag without opening it. Final flight designs will have to incorporate only flight approved materials: aluminum, nomex, ULTEM plastic, polycarbonate…

22. Handles for the CEVIS Problem When the crew rides the bike, there are times they like to hold onto something to keep themselves oriented or to stabilize the equipment. They have been using Bogan arms clamped onto the frame with IP Clamps. Bogan Arms attach to the seat track on the IP Clamp. Over time the friction balls of the Bogan arms get worn down from the crew pushing and pulling on them and no longer stay rigid. Develop a new kind of handle that will clamp onto the CEVIS for crew to steady themselves while exercising. Tips and Suggestions Keep it simple. Notice that they don’t ride it like a bike and a Bogan Arm fits many of their needs but it isn’t comfortable to grip. What kind of bike handles already exist that might be helpful? Keep it easy to clean. How variable can you make it for different people to grip for a different positions without being complicated? Request more information from HUNCH Mentor Bogen Arm