2. Types of Alcohol  BEER  WINE  LIQUOR/ SPIRITS

3. Standard Drink  12 fl oz of regular beer about 5% alcohol about 5% alcohol  8–9 fl oz of malt liquor about 7% alcohol about 7% alcohol  5 fl oz of table wine about 12% alcohol about 12% alcohol  1.5 fl oz shot of 80-proof spirits (“hard liquor”— whiskey, gin, rum, vodka, tequila, etc.) about 40% alcohol about 40% alcohol  The percent of “pure” alcohol, expressed here as alcohol by volume (alc/vol), varies by beverage.

4. Alcohol  A drug that is produced by a chemical reaction in some foods and has powerful effects on the body  It is a central nervous system depressant that is rapidly absorbed from the stomach and small intestine into the bloodstream.

5. Drunk/Intoxicated  Same thing as a drug overdose.  This is what happens to your body when you drink too much alcohol

6. Alcoholic  Is the person that is addicted to alcohol

7. Tolerance  When your body gets used to the alcohol  It takes more alcohol to receive the desired “feeling.”  Instead 1 beer to get the desire feeling it will take 2, 3, 4, and so on…

8. Depressant  A type of drug that slows down your body’s functions  Alcohol is a depressant  It slows down reaction time, slurs your speech, can’t walk straight, etc…

9. Cirrhosis  A liver disease caused by alcohol abuse  Cirrhosis is scaring and destruction of liver tissue  Mickey Mantle died of cirrhosis

10. Alcoholism  The disease an alcoholic suffers from There is no cure for Alcoholism There is no cure for Alcoholism There is treatment but once somebody is an alcoholic they are always an alcoholic. There is treatment but once somebody is an alcoholic they are always an alcoholic. Why????Why????  Genetic links have been made to alcoholism…what does that mean?

11. BAC  Blood Alcohol Concentration (or Content) is the amount of alcohol in a person’s blood.  There are three ways to test your BAC: Blood test Blood test Urine Test Urine Test Breathe Test Breathe Test .08 and over is considered illegal.

12. Hangover  Symptoms of drinking too much alcohol: Dehydration Dehydration Nausea Nausea  Your body is punishing you just like you punished it the night before  Your body is punishing you just like you punished it the night before

13. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome  Occurs when a woman is pregnant and she abuses alcohol. It may cause permanent damage to the baby: It may cause permanent damage to the baby: Causes birth defectsCauses birth defects Learning disabilitiesLearning disabilities Emotional disabilitiesEmotional disabilities Low birth weightLow birth weight Behavior problemsBehavior problems

14. Alcohol Breakdown  The breakdown, or oxidation, of ethanol occurs in the liver. The kidney eliminates 5 percent of alcohol in the urine. The kidney eliminates 5 percent of alcohol in the urine.kidney The lungs exhale 5 percent of alcohol, which can be detected by breathalyzer devices. The lungs exhale 5 percent of alcohol, which can be detected by breathalyzer devices.lungs breathalyzer deviceslungs breathalyzer devices The liver chemically breaks down the remaining alcohol into acetic acid. The liver chemically breaks down the remaining alcohol into acetic acid.  As a rule of thumb, an average person can eliminate 0.5 oz (15 ml) of alcohol per hour.

15. Statistics   CDC Stats from 2011: 12 to 20 year olds drink 11% of all alcohol consumed in the United States More than 90% of this alcohol is consumed in the form of binge drinks. On average, underage drinkers consume more drinks per drinking occasion than adult drinkers. In 2010, there were approximately 189,000 emergency rooms visits by persons under age 21 for injuries and other conditions linked to alcohol.

16. Drinking Levels among Youth (12-20 year olds)   39% drank some amount of alcohol.   22% binge drank.   8% drove after drinking alcohol.   24% rode with a driver who had been drinking alcohol.

17. Other surveys via CDC   In 2011 the National Survey on Drug Use and Health reported that 25% of youth aged 12 to 20 years drink alcohol and 16% reported binge drinking.National Survey on Drug Use and Health   In 2011, the Monitoring the Future Survey reported that 33% of 8th graders and 70% of 12th graders had tried alcohol, and 13% of 8th graders and 40% of 12th graders drank during the past month.Monitoring the Future Survey

18. When is a Driver Considered to be Legally Drunk in Georgia?  Non-commercial (standard cars, trucks, and SUV’s) drivers age 21+ are considered legally drunk when their blood alcohol level is.08 or more.  Drivers of commercial vehicles (semi trucks) are legally drunk when their blood alcohol level is.04 percent or greater. In Georgia, school bus drivers are commercial drivers. In Georgia, school bus drivers are commercial drivers.  Drivers under 21 are legally drunk when their blood alcohol level is.02 or more.

19. Penalties for Drunk Driving in Georgia  First-time offenders: Face a term of imprisonment of 10 days to 12 months. Face a term of imprisonment of 10 days to 12 months. They must also pay a fine ranging from $300 to $1,000. They must also pay a fine ranging from $300 to $1,000. At least 40 hours of community service work At least 40 hours of community service work Complete a DUI program. Complete a DUI program. Driver’s license is revoked for12 months. Driver’s license is revoked for12 months. At the end of 120 days, the offender may apply for reinstatement.At the end of 120 days, the offender may apply for reinstatement.

20. Myths About Sobering Up  Drinking black coffee will sober you up  Taking a cold bath will sober you up  Sleeping it off will sober you up  Walking it off will sober you up

21. Effects on the Body

22. Heart  Heavy drinking can Damage heart tissue Damage heart tissue Produce an irregular heartbeat Produce an irregular heartbeat Increase the risk of stroke Increase the risk of stroke Small amounts of alcohol can reduce the risk of heart disease Small amounts of alcohol can reduce the risk of heart disease BUT doctors DO NOT recommend that nondrinkers start drinking to reduce their riskBUT doctors DO NOT recommend that nondrinkers start drinking to reduce their risk

23. Liver  The liver helps break down food during digestion and process waste so it can be excreted from the body.  Heavy drinking is associated with liver damage. The liver is the main organ where alcohol is metabolized, or broken down, into different chemicals that can be passed out of the body. The liver is the main organ where alcohol is metabolized, or broken down, into different chemicals that can be passed out of the body.

24. Digestive System  Heavy drinking can stop the esophagus from contracting and helping move food to the stomach. This allows stomach acids to back up into the esophagus. This allows stomach acids to back up into the esophagus. Can progress to esophageal cancer.Can progress to esophageal cancer. Can lead to cancer in other parts, including the mouth, throat, breast, colon, and rectum.Can lead to cancer in other parts, including the mouth, throat, breast, colon, and rectum.

25. Hormones  Hormones are chemical messengers in the body that coordinate the functions of tissues and organs.  Can impair the functions of both the glands that release hormones and the tissues that respond to them. These effects can lead to problems regulating blood sugar, infertility, and osteoporosis. These effects can lead to problems regulating blood sugar, infertility, and osteoporosis.

26. Sleep  Alcohol interferes with the normal sleep pattern May leave the person feeling tired and un- refreshed upon awakening. May leave the person feeling tired and un- refreshed upon awakening.

27. Every 15 minutes…. Someone dies from an alcohol related accident!

28. Fact or Myth??

29. Alcohol is a stimulant: MYTH  Alcohol is actually a depressant. It can appear to be a stimulant because it initially depresses the part of the brain that controls inhibitions. It can appear to be a stimulant because it initially depresses the part of the brain that controls inhibitions.

30. Caffeine will sober you up: MYTH  Caffeine will not help an individual become sober more quickly. Factors that influence a person’s BAC: Factors that influence a person’s BAC: the amount of alcohol consumedthe amount of alcohol consumed the pattern of drinkingthe pattern of drinking body weightbody weight GenderGender Only time will reduce the BAC as the body breaks down the alcohol. Only time will reduce the BAC as the body breaks down the alcohol.

31. Food will keep you from becoming intoxicated: MYTH  Food in the stomach causes alcohol to be absorbed more slowly than when the stomach is empty.  Food can delay the effects of alcohol, but it cannot eliminate them.

32. Alcohol-related car crashes are all caused by drunk drivers: MYTH  Most alcohol related car crashes are caused by drivers with BACs over the legal limit.  However, drivers with BACs less than the legal limit also have crash rates higher than nondrinkers.  Also, BACs below the legal limit produce impairments.

33. Alcoholism is a disease: FACT  Alcoholism is a chronic disease involving strong craving for alcohol strong craving for alcohol a constant or periodic reliance on use of alcohol despite adverse consequences a constant or periodic reliance on use of alcohol despite adverse consequences the inability to limit drinking the inability to limit drinking physical illness when drinking is stopped physical illness when drinking is stopped the need for increasing amounts of alcohol in order to feel its effects. the need for increasing amounts of alcohol in order to feel its effects.

34. Alcohol abuse or alcoholism will never be my problem: BOTH  Many factors influence whether a person uses alcohol, abuses alcohol, or becomes an alcoholic: Some factors are genetic Some factors are genetic Many others are environmental (who you’re around) Many others are environmental (who you’re around) The primary factor is PERSONAL CHOICE The primary factor is PERSONAL CHOICE

35. Nothing can be done about alcohol abuse or alcoholism: MYTH  Alcohol abuse and alcoholism can be treated effectively using medications and psychological (behavioral) therapies.  Currently, there is no cure for alcoholism.