1. Gavin Astin/ Terje Andersen 06 May 2011 Survey of Existing measures

2. Existing Measures 06 May 2011 2 Survey of Existing Measures - Method Definition: An existing measure is something that is applied now at least one of the target countries (EU-27 plus the 3 candidate countries, Norway and Switzerland). How did we identify these: - Development of survey questionnaire. - Distribution of questionnaire to IMs, RUs, NSAs and other stakeholders (including plenty of time on the telephone!) - Translation of questions into local language in some cases. - Internet research and journals to identify specific examples of applied measures. - Network statements. - Accident reports. - Other sources as available.

3. Existing Measures 06 May 2011 3 The Survey The survey invitees: - Invited every IM to participate. - Invited at least two (where applicable) RUs per country to participate. - Invited several trade associations to participate. - Thanks to those who took the time to respond! The survey questions (in summary): - What measures do you apply in terms of freight train derailment risk reduction. - Why do you apply these (regulatory requirement, national rule, company initiative etc). - How effective are these controls in your opinion. - What innovations / future controls are you aware of?

4. Existing Measures 06 May 2011 4 Who Responded?

5. Existing Measures 06 May 2011 5 Survey Coverage The combined coverage (based only on individual country responses, not trade associations) covers approximately 80% of the total freight traffic volume in EU27/EEA countries. In some cases the responses from trade associations provide the views of a number of their members, some of whom have chosen not to respond individually. Other sources of information (network statements etc) provides some additional information for countries that declined our invitation.

6. Existing Measures 06 May 2011 6 Survey Results Identified 47 existing measures for the reduction of frequency of freight train derailments. Identified 13 measures associated with reduction of consequences following a freight train derailment. Some examples are presented in the following slides…

7. Existing Measures 06 May 2011 7 Existing preventive measures to reduce Infrastructure caused derailments (1) Improved inspection routines: - Timely maintenance follow-up of inspection results. Upgrade weak infrastructure to match present axle loads: - Freight only lines are today used for loading conditions far exceeding their design standard. Stricter and more harmonised track geometry requirements to account for international traffic. Move signals which may show stop aspect away from track sections with geometry not suitable for low speed breaking or acceleration, or adjust track geometry to train operating conditions. Examples: - Avoid signals that can show stop aspect behind small radius curves with high cant. - Alternatively redesign track geometry or install check rails.

8. Existing Measures 06 May 2011 8 Excessive track twist Picture shows a train on a track in UK that caused derailment due to excessive track twist. Track twist restriction area by draft TSI for Conventional Rail Infrastructure for curves with R< 420 m.

9. Existing Measures 06 May 2011 9 Existing preventive measures to reduce Infrastructure caused derailments (2) Greasing of track curves. Interlocking of points to avoid operation while occupied by rolling stock: - Mainly at stations and shunting yards. Increased separation of freight and passenger traffic along different lines and adjustment of track geometry design to most frequent traffic type. Apply maintenance free superstructure design e.g. fixed track/slab track.

10. Existing Measures 06 May 2011 10 Existing preventive measures to reduce Rolling stock related derailments Measures to avoid Hot Axle Box derailments: - Wheel impact load detectors to detect faulty wheels giving excessive vibration to bearing. - Improve bearing design by applying more vibration tolerant components in bearing. - Track installed detector installations to detect faulty bearings or hot axle boxes: - Hot axle box detectors. - Bearing acoustic diagnostic. Measures to avoid axle shaft fatigue ruptures: - Improved design standards. - Appropriate material selection. - Fault free surface corrosion protection. - Improved in service inspection in order to detect incipient failures. Appropriate greasing of bogie pivots and side supports. Apply improved suspension design, e.g.. parabolic blade springs instead of trapezoidal blade springs.

11. Existing Measures 06 May 2011 11 Rolling stock measures towards wheels and axles Exchange brass roller bearings with polyaminde roller cages Evaluate use of composite wheels vs monoblock wheels. European Visual Inspection Catalogue for Wheelsets

12. Existing Measures 06 May 2011 12 Existing preventive measures to reduce Operational related derailments Training of operational staff of all types. Proper inspection, testing and check of wagons, train and departure route prior to departure: - Improved tools to ensure quality of these activities, e.g. check lists. Improved tools to detect overloading, skew loading and/or insufficient fastened load: - Weighing devices at terminal or along track. - Visual balances on wagons. ATP-system to avoid SPADs and excessive speed across deviated points/turnouts.

13. Existing Measures 06 May 2011 13 Consequence Mitigation Measures

14. Existing Measures 06 May 2011 14 Summing Up Identified existing measures from consultation. Identified 47 existing measures for the reduction of frequency of freight train derailments. Identified 13 measures associated with reduction of consequences following a freight train derailment. All preventive measures will be assessed in Part B, along with mitigation measures based on detecting a derailment. Additional measures may be identified during Part B.

15. Existing Measures 06 May 2011 15 Barrier Model (example) Braking / other system failures

16. Existing Measures 06 May 2011 16 End of Session - Any Questions

17. Existing Measures 06 May 2011 17 Safeguarding life, property and the environment www.dnv.com