1. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 1 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility The Future of Hadronic Physics in the US QNP04 May 27, 2004 Bloomington Kees de Jager Jefferson Lab Introduction RHIC-spin JLab at 12 GeV Electron-Ion Collider Other Issues Summary

2. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 2 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility What is Hadronic Physics? What are the goals? Understanding the structure of protons and neutrons in terms of quarks and gluons Understanding the structure of light nuclei in terms of nucleons at low energy and of quarks and gluons at high energy Linking the physics of nuclei to strong QCD How do we reach those goals? Measure form factors, structure functions and generalized parton distributions to determine how the quarks and gluons are distributed inside the nucleons Probe nucleons and nuclei with photons and electrons to produce excited mesonic and baryonic states High-energy proton-proton collisions provide a complimentary window into how quarks and gluons build up nucleons Lattice QCD calculations are expected to provide the best theoretical means to compare experimental results with QCD NSAC Report on Performance Measures (November 2003)

3. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 3 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility RHIC-spin: Non-pQCD Spin Structure from Hard Scattering 1)Does preferential spin orientation of gluons account for a major portion of the “nucleon spin puzzle”? ◊Either answer interesting! If not gluon spins, then L orbital ! 2)Do sea antiquarks have a substantial and flavor-dependent helicity preference in a polarized nucleon? ◊Illuminates the relative roles of gluon splitting vs. pseudoscalar meson clouds in generating the “sea” 3) Unravel the contributions to transverse spin asymmetries (an area of intense recent theoretical development) from: a) quark transverse spin preferences in a transversely polarized proton (p  ) ◊“transversity”  quark property decoupled from gluons b) quark transverse motion preferences in p  ◊ spin-k T correlation related to quark orbital angular momentum c) explicit chiral symmetry breaking from m q terms in L QCD

4. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 4 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Absolute Polarimeter (H jet)  Strong AGS Snake Equip- ment to be installed after FY03 The RHIC Spin Facilities  First polarized collider, exploits Siberian Snake technology  Enables p + p pol’n measurements in  s and p T regime where low-order pQCD is applicable  Provides access to nucleon spin structure info complementary to polarized DIS  Major experimental efforts at STAR, PHENIX and PP2PP  Virgin territory + new technology  signifi- cant challenges + steep learning curve 

5. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 5 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility RHIC-spin Timeline  First p + p collisions in 1/02: 200 GeV, P beam ~ 15% (vert. spin only), L ~ 5 x 10 29,  L dt ~ 300 nb -1  see polarization survival, first transverse spin results  Second run 5/03: 200 GeV, P beam ~ 30% (vert. + longitudinal), L ~ 2 x 10 30,  L dt ~ 800 nb -1  commission rotators, first A LL measurements  2004-5: commissioning of new AGS snakes to improve P beam ; absolute P beam calibration exp’t; first measurements of  g via A LL for abundant probes (jets,  0 ’s with ~ 5 pb  1 ); measure transverse single-spin asymmetry for not-quite-back-to- back dijets for k T sensitivity.  2006-10: “Rare” processes to map  g(x) fully: Detect  -jet coincidences in polarized proton collisions at  s = 200 and 500 GeV Measure two-spin asymmetry in production rates between equal vs. opposite helicities, as function of  (jet),  (  ), p T (  ) Assuming two-body parton kinematics, can infer initial x values of gluon and quark  2009-12: W Production-> Direct determination of  u/u and  d/d: Measure single-spin parity-violating asym. A L for p + p  W  + X with respect to helicity flip of each beam. Requires 500 GeV, upgraded forward tracking, and as much  P 2 L dt as we can get! -

6. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 6 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility CEBAF @ 6 GeV, Present and Future How are nucleons made from quarks and gluons? ÞNucleon (electro-magnetic and -weak) form factors, separate u, d and s Þ Nucleon excitation spectrum, new resonances (pentaquark) Þ Spin structure functions in valence region Þ Generalized Parton Distributions, mainly DVCS How does QCD work in the strong (confinement) region Þ Pion form factor How does the NN force arise from the partonic structure of hadronic matter? ÙMedium modifications ÙColor transparancy What is the Structure of Nuclear Matter? ÞHigh-resolution (~300 keV) hypernuclear spectroscopy (1p-shell) ÞProton knock-out ( 2 H, 3,4 He, 16 O, …) At what scale does the partonic structure of nuclear matter become apparent? ÞFew-body form factors, deuteron photodisintegration Standard Model Tests ÞQ-weak

7. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 7 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility CEBAF @ 12 GeV, WHY? Gluonic Excitations and the Origin of Confinement Developing a Unified Description of Hadron Structure ÞThe Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) as Accessed via Deep(ly) Exclusive Reactions Þ Valence Quark Structure and Parton Distributions Þ Form Factors – Constraints on the GPDs Þ Other Topics in Hadron Structure The Physics of Nuclei Þ The Short-Range Behavior of the N-N Interaction and Its QCD Basis Þ Identifying and Exploring the Transition from the Nucleon/Meson Description of Nuclei to the Underlying Quark/Gluon Description Symmetry Tests in Nuclear Physics ÞStandard Model Tests

8. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 8 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Gluonic Excitations and the Origin of Confinement Theoretical studies of QCD suggest that confinement is due to the formation of “Flux tubes” arising from the self-interaction of the glue, leading to a linear potential (and therefore a constant force) linear potential From G. Bali Experimentally, we want to “pluck” the flux tube and see how it responds

9. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 9 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility First excited state of flux tube has J=1 combined with S=1 for quarks Photons couple to exotic mesons via  VM transition (same spin configuration) Photons Preferred for Flux Tube Excitations J PC = 0 -+ 0 +- 1 +- 1 -+ 2 -+ 2 +- exotic (mass ~ 1.7 – 2.3 GeV) Normal mesons: J PC = 0 -+ 1 +- 2 - + Double-blind Monte Carlo simulation: 2 % exotic signal clearly visible

10. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 10 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Use photons to produce meson final states –tagged photon beam with 8 – 9 GeV –linear polarization to constrain production mechanism Use large acceptance detector –hermetic coverage for charged and neutral particles –typical hadronic final states: f 1  KK  KK  b 1      –high data-acquisition rate Perform partial-wave analysis –identify quantum numbers as a function of mass –check consistency of results in different decay modes Strategy for Exotic Meson Search

11. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 11 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility GPDs: A Unified Description of Hadron Structure GPDs Transverse momentum of partons Quark spin distributions Form factors Quark momentum distributions Pion cloud Pion distribution amplitudes Quark angular momentum

12. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 12 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility DVCS SSA Measures phase and amplitude directly DVCS at 11 GeV can cleanly test correlations in nucleon structure (data shown – 2000 hours in CLAS++) DVCS and Bethe-Heitler are coherent  can measure amplitude AND phase

13. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 13 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Measuring the GPDs Key experimental capabilities include: –CW (100% duty factor) electron beams (permits fully exclusive reactions) –modern detectors (permit exclusive reactions at high luminosity) –adequate energy (~10 GeV to access the valence quark regime)  Measurements of GPDs through many reaction channels CLAS++ and calorimeter+MAD in Hall A DVCS on proton and neutron, DVMP, RCS, nucleon EMFF

14. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 14 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Extending DIS to High x with A 1 n 12 GeV will access the valence quark regime (x > 0.4), where constituent quark properties are not masked by the sea quarks

15. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 15 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Transition from ‘Strong’ to pQCD Simplest valence quark structure pQCD is expected to manifest at low momentum transfer pQCD and non-pQCD calculations exist The asymptotic pion form factor: Pion Elastic Form Factor Electroproduction  - /  + Ratio in 4 He

16. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 16 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility JLab tests of the Standard Model Measurements of sin 2 (  W ) below M Z provide strict tests of the SM Measurements in different systems provide complementary information Møller Parity Violation can be measured at JLab even more accurately than in E158 DIS-Parity violation measurement is easily carried out at JLab RPV No SUSY dark matter hep-ph/0205183 Weak Mixing Angle MS-bar scheme Jens Erler

17. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 17 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility CEBAF @ Higher Energies How? Design choices for CEBAF’s construction make tripling the original energy to 12 GeV remarkably cost effective The extraordinary performance of the original SRF cavities has already brought us to 6 GeV, and further advances in SRF make 12 GeV straightforward Much of the existing experimental equipment can be upgraded for use at higher energies, minimizing equipment costs

18. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 18 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator FacilityCHL-2 Upgrade magnets and power supplies Enhance equipment in existing halls 6 GeV CEBAF 11 12 Add new hall

19. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 19 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Hall A: MAD and the HRS MAD Design Properties Momentum Range0.4 - 8.6 GeV/c Momentum Acceptance± 15% Momentum Resolution0.1% Scattering Angle Range5° - 150° Angular Acceptance5 - 28 msr Angular Resolution horizontal1 mrad vertical1 mrad Target Length Acceptance50 cm Vertex Resolution0.5 cm e/h discrimination50000:1 (98%) π/K discrimination1000:1 (95%) Maximum DAQ Rate20 kHz Medium Acceptance Detector (MAD) at high luminosity and large acceptance

20. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 20 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Hall B: CLAS ++ CLAS upgraded to higher (10 35 ) luminosity and coverage Angular coverage Forward5° - 37° Central40° - 135° Track resolution momentum 0.001p  1 mrad  1 mrad

21. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 21 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Hall C: HMS and SHMS Central Momentum2.5 - 11 GeV/c Momentum Acceptance-15 - +25% Momentum Resolution0.2% Scattering Angle Range5.5° - 25° Angular Acceptance2 - 4 msr horizontal± 18 mrad vertical± 50 mrad Angular Resolution horizontal2 mrad vertical1 mrad Target Length Acceptance50 cm Vertex Resolution0.2 cm e/h discrimination1000:1 (98%) π/K discrimination100:1 (95%) Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS) at high luminosity and forward angles

22. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 22 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Hall D: The GlueX Detector Photon Flux10 8  /s Charged Particles coverage1° - 170° momentum reso1 - 2% position reso150 µm vertex reso500 µm Photons energy measured1° - 120° Pb glass reso2 + 5%/√E barrel reso4.4%/√E Trigger level 1 rate20 kHz Coherent bremsstrahlung

23. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 23 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Status of 12 GeV Upgrade JLab upgrade is relatively modest project (175 - 250 M$) CD-0 was approved on April 1, 2004 JLab is looking for 25+ M$ non-DOE fundingWithin a year JLab will present a CDR for review to CD-1 The goal is to complete the upgrade early in the next decade

24. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 24 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Why Electron-Ion Collider? Polarized DIS and e-A physics: in past only in fixed target mode Collider geometry--> distinct advantages (HERA Experience) Better angular resolution between beam and target fragments - Better separation of electromagnetic probe - Recognition of rapidity gap events (recent diffractive physics) - Better measurement of nuclear fragments Higher Center of Mass energies reachable Tricky issues: integration of interaction region and detector

25. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 25 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Deep Inelastic Scattering Observe scattered electron [1] inclusive measurement Observe [1] + current jet [2] semi-inclusive measurement Observe [1] + [2] + remnant jet [3] exclusive measurement Luminosity requirements goes up as we go from [1] --> [2] --> [3] Exclusive measurements also puts demanding requirement on integration of detectors and interaction region [3] [2] [1]

26. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 26 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Scientific Frontiers Open to EICs Nucleon structure, role of quarks and gluons in the nucleons -Unpolarized quark and gluon distributions, confinement in nucleons -Polarized quark and gluon distributions -Correlations between partons Exclusive processes--> Generalized Parton Distributions -Understanding confinement with low x/lowQ 2 measurements Meson Structure: -Goldstone bosons and play a fundamental role in QCD Nuclear Structure, role of partons in nuclei -Confinement in nuclei through comparison e-p/e-A scattering Hadronization in nucleons and nuclei & effect of nuclear media -How do knocked off partons evolve in to colorless hadrons Partonic matter under extreme conditions -For various A, compare e-p/e-A

27. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 27 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Unpolarized e-p at EIC Although large kinematic region already covered at HERA, additional studies with high luminosities desirable Unique features: high luminosity, variable CM energy, He beams, and improved detectors and interaction regions Precision Measurements: -With d, He beams: neutron structure -The evolution of the strong coupling constant -Photo-production physics at high energies -Gluon distribution -F L structure function -Slope of F 2 structure function to explore confinement -Diffractive physics -Semi-inclusive and exclusive reactions -Nuclear fragmentation region [1] [1,2] [2,3]

28. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 28 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Polarized DIS at EIC Spin structure functions g 1 (p,n) at low x, high precision -g 1 (p-n): Bjorken Spin sum rule to better than 1% accuracy Polarized gluon distribution function  G(x,Q 2 ) -at least three different experimental methods Precision measurement of  S (Q 2 ) from g 1 scaling violations Polarized s.f. of the photon from photo-production Electroweak s. f. g 5 via W +/- production Flavor separation of PDFs through semi-inclusive DIS Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) -Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) Transversity Drell-Hern-Gerasimov spin sum rule test at high Target/Current fragmentation studies … etc…. [1] [1,2] [1] [1,2] [3] [1] [2,3]

29. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 29 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Proton Spin Structure at Low x eRHIC 250 x 10 GeV Luminosity = ~85 inv. pb/day Fixed target experiments 1989 – 1999 Data 10 days of EIC run Assume: 70% Machine Eff. 70% Detector Eff. Studies included statistical error & detector smearing to confirm that asymmetries are measurable. No present or future approved experiment will be able to make this measurement

30. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 30 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Spin Structure of Neutron at Low x With polarized 3 He ~ 2 weeks of data at EIC Compared with SMC(past) & possible HERA data If combined with g1 of proton results in Bjorken sum rule test to better than 1-2% within a couple of months of running eRHIC 1 inv.fb

31. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 31 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Photon Gluon Fusion “Direct” determination of  G - Di-Jet events: (2+1)-jet events - High p T hadrons High √s at EIC -no theoretical ambiguities regarding interpretation of data Both methods tried at HERA in un- polarized gluon determination & both are successful! -NLO calculations exist -H1 and ZEUS results -Consistent with scaling violation F 2 results on G Signal: PGF Background QCD Compton

32. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 32 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Di-Jet at EIC vs. World Data for  G/G Good precision Clean measurement in x range 0.01 < x < 0.3 Constrains shape of  G(x) Polarization in HERA much more difficult than RHIC eRHIC Di-Jet DATA 2fb -1  G from scaling violations > x min ~ 10 -4 at eRHIC > x min ~ 3.10 -4 at ELIC ELIC

33. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 33 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility DVCS/Vector Meson Production Hard Exclusive DIS process  (default) but also vector mesons possible Remove a parton & put another back in!  Microsurgery of Baryons! Access to skewed or off-forward PDFs Polarized structure: Access to quark orbital angular momentum

34. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 34 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility A Color Glass Condensate? At small x, partons are rapidly fluctuating gluons interacting weakly with each other, but still strongly coupled to the high x parton color charges which act as random static sources of COLOR charge ÙAnalogous to spin GLASS systems in condensed matter: a disordered spin state coupled to random magnetic impurities Gluon occupation number large; being bosons they can occupy the same state to form a CONDENSATE ÙBose-Einstein condensate leads to a huge overpopulation of ground states A new “state matter”(??): Color Glass Condensate (CGC) at high energy density would display dramatically different, yet simple properties of glassy condensates Experimental measurements: Gluon distributions inclusive semi-inclusive methods, specific predictions regarding enhancement of diffractive processes in e-A vs. e-p at identical (x,Q 2), measurement of F L to access gluon distribution in nuclei An e-A collider/detector experiment with high luminosity and capability to have different species of nuclei in the same detector would be ideal…  Low x --> Need EIC

35. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 35 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility The eRHIC Ring-Ring Lay Out & Plans Full energy injection Polarized e- source & unpolarized e+ --> (polarization via synchrotron radiation) 10 GeV main design but up to 5 GeV reduction possible with minimal polarization loss Fill in bunch spacing 35ns Present conservative estimates L ep ~ 4 x 10 32 cm -2 sec -1 work on luminosity enhancement continues. Advantages: both positrons and electrons Disadvantages: No multiple detectors or/and Interaction Regions?

36. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 36 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility eRHIC: Linac-Ring Option Features: L ep up to ~10 34 cm -2 sec -1 Polarization transparency at all energies Multiple IRs and detectors -Long element free regions STAR & PHENIX still run Full range of CM Energies Future upgrades to 20 GeV seem straightforward Limitations: Positron beams not possible Physics implications?

37. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 37 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility ELIC Layout One accelerating & one decelerating pass through a 7 GeV/pass CEBAF Max CoM energy √s 65 GeVMax luminosity 8.10 34 cm -2 s -1 Polarized ions p, d, 3 HeUnpolarized ions up till 40 Ca

38. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 38 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility A Detector for EIC  A 4  Detector Scattered electrons to measure kinematics of DIS Scattered electrons at small (~0°) to tag photo production Central hadronic final state for kinematics, jet measurements, quark flavor tagging, fragmentation studies, particle ID Central hard photon and particle/vector detection (DVCS) ~Zero angle photon measurement to control radiative corrections and in e-A physics to tag nuclear de-excitations Missing E T for neutrino final states (W decays) Forward tagging for 1) nuclear fragments, 2) diffractive physics At least one second detector should be incorporated… if not more EIC will provide: Ù1) Variable beam energies Ù2) different hadronic species, some of them polarized Ù3) high luminosity

39. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 39 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Where do electrons and quarks go?  p q,e 10 GeV x 250 GeV 177 0 160 0 scattered electronscattered quark 10 GeV 5 GeV 90 0 5 GeV 10 0

40. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 40 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Detector Design: HERA like…+ PID AEROGEL HCAL p/A e EMCal TOF Outer trackers Inner trackers Beam elements Solenoid A HERA like Detector with dedicated PID: >>Time of flight >>Aerogel Ckov 5 m (Not to scale) Forward detectors including Roman Pots etc… AND

41. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 41 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility eRHIC/ELIC Status & Design Ideas 2001 LRP: NSAC enthusiastically supported R&D and stated its would be the next major for nuclear physics (after 12 GeV JLab upgrade) 2003 NSAC committee on facilities’ high recommendation -Level 1 for physics, and level 2(eRHIC)/3(ELIC) for readiness ZDR (Zero Design Report) for eRHIC: Ring-Ring design -Identify R&D topics toward significant luminosity enhancement ELIC analysis and simulations: -electron cooling and short bunches -beam-beam physics -energy recovery linac physics Development on both projects will continue until the time to make the decisions to freeze technology and design options

42. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 42 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility The case for hadronic beams Goals of the baryon physics program: -Determine relevant degrees of freedom in baryons, and the nature of their short-range interactions -Find “missing” conventional qqq excitations and identify new kinds of states Ùpentaquarks, hybrids, baryon-meson quasi-bound states To meet baryon physics goals we require: -High precise data using electromagnetic beams in new channels: underway at JLab and other facilities ÙYou could get lucky and find an isolated missing resonance near a new channel’s threshold ÙRecent experience has shown: adding a new resonance has consequences in several channels, convincing evidence will come from a simultaneous fit -Polarization experiments: beam, target, recoil: ÙE.g. all three possible, and planned, in

43. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 43 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility The case for hadronic beams… Hadron beams! -Hadron-beam information complementary to that of photoproduction -Simultaneous unitary analysis of data from  N and  N required to find new N*,  * states -Kaon-beam experiments could map out spectrum of a persistent  + and its partners  Would make enormous improvement in our understanding of ,  and  resonances No plans for such beams at GSI or JPARC -Is this something the US nuclear/hadron physics community should plan for the future?

44. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 44 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility SciDAC Initiative for Lattice QCD DOE Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing Initiative: develop software/hardware infrastructure for next generation computers U.S. Lattice QCD Collaboration consists of 64 senior scientists. Research closely coupled to DOE’s experimental program: -Weak Decays of Strongly Interacting Particles: BaBar (SLAC), B- Tevatron (FNAL), CLEO-c (Cornell) -Quark-Gluon Plasma: RHIC (BNL) -Structure and Interactions of Hadrons: Bates, BNL, FNAL, JLAB, SLAC SciDAC Project: $6M, 30% JLab, 30% FNAL, 15% BNL, 25% universities -Unify software development and porting efforts for diverse hardware platforms -Hardware prototyping efforts: clusters, QCDOC -No direct physics support Hope for significant funding for QCDOC-type machine in FY04/FY05 Proposal for corresponding LGT funding at JLAB from FY06

45. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 45 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility LQCD Roadmap at Jefferson Lab 10 -2 199020002010 Lattice gauge theory invented First numerical simulations Moments of GPD’s, N->  GPD measurements shown at JLAB First data from CEBAF @12 GeV 10 0 10 -1 10 -4 10 -6 1974 Lattice Spectrum agrees with Experiment for Conventional Mesons. 10 1 10 2 10 -3 10 -5 Flux tubes between Heavy Quarks Current Clusters 0.3 Teraflops FY05-06 Clusters ~5 Teraflops Low moments, quenched resonances Precise moments, decay widths

46. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 46 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility The DOE-OSc “20-year plan” includes the JLab 12 GeV Upgrade in its near- term ( 14 year) prospects

47. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 47 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility CEBAF Upgrade EIC

48. QNP04, Bloomington, May 24-28, 2004, 48 Operated by the Southeastern Universities Research Association for the U.S. Department Of Energy Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Summary Broad active program in hadronic physics (JLab@6GeV, RHIC-spin)JLab@6GeV Many important questions remain to be answered in detail (OAM, transversity, hadronization, gluonic structure,……) Confident that JLab@12GeV will happen, but need to keep pressure on DOE Vibrant and active community essential for future funding Excellent scientific case for Electron-Ion Collider Next NSAC Long Range Plan (starting ~2005) will probably be asked to evaluate need and options for electron-ion collider However, funding outlook at present not optimistic