3. The use of “It” for Emphasis

4. Find out some sentence with ‘it’ in the text ‘Modern Agriculture’. 1.It is on this arable land that the farmers produce food for the whole population of China. (paragraph 1) 2. It was from the early 1990s that scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agricultural production without harming the environment. (paragraph 2) 3.It was developed using a technique know as GM. (paragraph 4) (it is not for Emphasis)

5. 1.The First World Agriculture Conference was held in 1908 in Rome, Italy. 2.China imported the first tractor from the United States in 1910. 3. A plane was used to spray poison to kill insects in 1918 in the USA.. 4. DDT was used to kill insects in 1938 in Switzerland. 5.The UN founded the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 1945. 6. People stopped using DDT in 1972 in the USA. 7. China exported agricultural technology to the USA in 1980. The historical events about agriculture

6. 1.The First World Agriculture Conference was held in 1908 in Rome, Italy. It was in 1908 that the First World Agriculture Conference was held in Rome, Italy. 2.China imported the first tractor from the United States in 1910. It was in 1910 that China imported the first tractor from the United States.. 3. A plane was used to spray poison to kill insects in 1918 in the USA. It was in the USA that A plane was used to spray poison to kill insects in 1918. in 1908 in 1910 in the USA

7. 4. DDT was used to kill insects in 1938 in Switzerland. It was in Switzerland that DDT was used to kill insects in 1938. 5. The UN founded the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 1945. It was the UN that founded the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 1945.

8. 6. People stopped using DDT in 1972 in the USA. It was DDT that People stopped using in 1972 in the USA. 7. China exported agricultural technology to the USA in 1980. It was agricultural technology that China exported to the USA in 1980.

9. Translate the following into Chinese and find out difference and sameness : 1. It is on this arable land that the farmers produce food for the whole population of china. 2. It was from the early 1990s that scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agricultural production without harming the environment. 3. It was they who/that cleaned the classroom yesterday. 4. It was in the street that I met her father. 5. It was the goat’s eyes that he had seen in the darkness.

10. 1. 写这本书的人就是玛丽。 2. 这个就是长满了美丽的鲜花的花园。 3. 她就是擅长唱歌的女孩。 4. 那就是他叔叔移居纽约的原因。 5. 错的人是我。 Translate the following sentences into English Mary wrote this book. the garden many beautiful flowers grow in. the girl is good at singing. for this reason his uncle moved out of New York. I am wrong. It is who It is that It is who It was that It is who

11. Note: a. 在强调句型中，若被强调部分指人， 可以用关系代词 who 或 that ； 若被强调的是状语，只能用 that ， 不能用 when 或 where 。 b. 注意与 “It is /was…that +clause” 主语从句的区别。 强调句型与 it 作形式主语,that 从句 作真正主语十分相似，但 主语从句中 It is /was 后通常用名词 或形容词作表语。 强调句型中 It is /was 后是对主语、 宾语或状语的强调成分。

12. 强调句结构 强调句结构是 it 引导的句子 : 强调句结构是 it 引导的句子 : It is (was)+ 被强调部分 + that (who) + 句子其他部分 It is (was)+ 被强调部分 + that (who) + 句子其他部分 此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。 此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。 Eg: Eg: 原句 : Mr. Zhou did the experiment in the lab 原句 : Mr. Zhou did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. yesterday evening. 强调主语： It was Mr. Zhou who / that did the 强调主语： It was Mr. Zhou who / that did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 强调宾语： It was the experiment that Mr. Zhou did in the lab yesterday evening. 强调宾语： It was the experiment that Mr. Zhou did in the lab yesterday evening.

13. 强调时间： It was yesterday evening that 强调时间： It was yesterday evening that Mr. Zhou did the experiment in Mr. Zhou did the experiment in the lab. ( 注意不用 when) the lab. ( 注意不用 when) 强调地点： It was in the lab that Mr. Zhou 强调地点： It was in the lab that Mr. Zhou did the experiment yesterday did the experiment yesterday evening. ( 注意不用 where) evening. ( 注意不用 where)

14. 原句： I met Mr. Green in the part the day before yesterday. before yesterday. 强调主语 : It was I that / who met Mr. Green in the part the day before yesterday. 强调宾语 : It was Mr. Green that /who I met in the part the day before yesterday. part the day before yesterday. 强调地点状语 : It was in the part that I met Mr. Green the day before yesterday. Green the day before yesterday. 强调时间状语 : It was the day before yesterday that I met Mr. Green in the park.

15. 强调句的连词只有两个， that 和 who 。当强调的部分 是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 “who” ，其余用 强调句的连词只有两个， that 和 who 。当强调的部分 是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 “who” ，其余用 that 。 that 。 怎样判断强调句 ?--- 若是强调句，去掉 'It be… that’ 怎样判断强调句 ?--- 若是强调句，去掉 'It be… that’ 还应是一个完整的句子。 还应是一个完整的句子。 若不是强调句, 去掉 “It is…that” 若不是强调句, 去掉 “It is…that” 就不是一个完整的句子。 就不是一个完整的句子。Eg: It is ten years Miss Green returned to It is ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. Canada. A. that B. when C. since D. as A. that B. when C. since D. as C. since

16. Practice Rewrite these sentences, emphasising the underlined parts. EXAMPLE: The farmers produce the food for the whole population of China on this arable land. It is on this arable land that the farmers produce the food for the whole population of China Practice Rewrite these sentences, emphasising the underlined parts.

17. 1.The children often help their parents do the farm work. It is the children who often help their parents do the farm work. 2. In 1993, a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before. It was in 1993 that a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before.

18. 3. The biggest problem of China farmers is the shortage of arable land. It is the shortage of arable land that is the biggest problem for Chinese farmers. 4.The plants grown in greenhouses are protected from the wind, rain and insects. It is the plants grown in the greenhouses that are protected from the wind,, rain and insects.

19. 5.Future agriculture should depend on5.Future agriculture should depend on high technology as well as traditional high technology as well as traditional methods. methods. It is high technology as well as It is high technology as well as traditional methods that future traditional methods that future agriculture should depend on agriculture should depend on

20. 强调句型重点练习： 1 ） It was not until all the fish in the river died _____ the villagers realized how serious the pollution was. A. when B. before C. that D. where C The villagers didn’t realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish in the river died. Not until all the fish in the river died did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was. 评讲练习：

21. We didn’t begin our chemistry experiment until our teacher came. Not until our teacher came did we begin our chemistry experiment. 评讲练习： 2) It was ____ our teacher came that we ____ our chemistry experiment. A. until; didn't begin B. not until; began C. until; began D. not until; didn't begin B

22. Tell the function of “it”in the sentences 1.It is difficult to remember all their names. 2.It’s very quiet in the house. 3.He made it clear that he did not want to speak to me. 4.It was nice seeing you. 5.It was three miles from here to the nearest post office. 6.It was on Tuesday that Mrs. Smith came. 7.It rained for three days. 8.A tall man stood stood up and shook hands. It was captain Cook. 9. It was five o’clock when we got back home yesterday. 10.I hear you bought a new bike. Can you show it to me? “It” here is used as ……. “It” refers to …….

23. Complete the sentences, paying attention to the structures of them and the use of “it”. 1.___________ （据报道） that dozens of children died in the accident. 2. ___________ （真遗憾） that he can not swim at his age. 3. ___________ ( 很可能） that they will beat us tonight. 4. ___________ ( 看来） that he enjoys pop songs very much. 5. ___________ ( 还不确定） whether he can attend the conference or not. 6. It is important ______________________( 我们学英语）. 7. It is kind _______________________ （你帮助我）. 8. It took me five days ________________ （解决这问题 ). 9. It is no use ______________________ （与她争论 ). 10. It is up to you _______________________ （决定是否接受这项工作）.

24. Multiple Choices 1.It was not __ she took off her dark glasses ___ I realised she was a famous film star. A. when, that B. until, that C. until, when D. when then 2. It was about 600 years ago ______ the first clock with a face an hour hand was made. A. that B. until C. before D. when 3. Was _____ that I saw last night at the concert. A. it you B. not you C. your D. that yourself 4. ______ is a fact that English is being accepted as a international language. A. There B. This C. That D. it B A A D

25. 5. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _____ did not help. A. he B. which C. she D. it 6. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, _____ did not help. A. he B. which C. she D. it 7. _____ was in 1979 ____ I graduated from the university. A. that, that B. It, that C. That, when D. It, when 8. _____ was 1979 ____ I graduated from the university. A. that, that B. It, that C. That, when D. It, when D B B D

26. Farming and gardening Integrating skills: Farming and gardening

27. Q1: What ’ s the biggest problem to Chinese farmers? The shortage of arable land. “ G ” stands for “ genetically ” “ M ” stands for “ modified ” (changed) Answer the questions. Q2: What does GM mean?

28. Farming And Gardening Gardening

29. Jia Sixie

30. 贾思勰纪念馆

31. Jia Sixie, a great scientist of ancient China, living in Northern Wei Dynasty, was famous for the book, Qimin Yaoshu. It is about the science of farming.

32. The Memorial to Jia Sixie

33. 齐民要术诞生地 齐民要术诞生地 — 高阳故城 — 高阳故城

34. Useful expressions 1. much of the wisdom discovered by1. much of the wisdom discovered by early Chinese scientists early Chinese scientists 中国古代科学家发掘的很多智慧 中国古代科学家发掘的很多智慧 2. farmers and gardeners today2. farmers and gardeners today 现在的农民和园丁 现在的农民和园丁 3. in the sixth century AD 公元六世纪3. in the sixth century AD 公元六世纪 4. do research into agriculture4. do research into agriculture 研究农学 / 农业 研究农学 / 农业

35. 5. learn from the experience of5. learn from the experience of farmers 学习农民的经验 farmers 学习农民的经验 6. around 540 AD 公元 540 年左右6. around 540 AD 公元 540 年左右 7. a book called QiminYaoshu7. a book called QiminYaoshu 一本叫 « 齐民要术 » 的书 一本叫 « 齐民要术 » 的书 8. advice on the following subjects8. advice on the following subjects 关于如下话题的建议 关于如下话题的建议 9. make wine 酿酒9. make wine 酿酒

36. 10. students of farming 农学学生10. students of farming 农学学生 11. a practical guide to farming11. a practical guide to farming 对农耕的实用指导 对农耕的实用指导 12. at the right/ wrong time of the year12. at the right/ wrong time of the year 在一年适合（不适合）的时节 在一年适合（不适合）的时节 13. go against nature 违背自然13. go against nature 违背自然 14. clean rough ground and remove14. clean rough ground and remove weeds 平整地面和除草 weeds 平整地面和除草 15. plough deep the first time 15. plough deep the first time 第一次深耕 第一次深耕

37. 16. plough less deep the second time16. plough less deep the second time 第二次耕浅些 第二次耕浅些 17. the autumn/spring ploughing17. the autumn/spring ploughing 秋 / 春耕 秋 / 春耕 18. year after year 年复一年地18. year after year 年复一年地 19. to harvest good crops 好收成19. to harvest good crops 好收成 20. with space between the plants20. with space between the plants 植株之间有间隙 植株之间有间隙 21. plant wheat close together 密植小麦21. plant wheat close together 密植小麦

38. What is each paragraph about? Para.1 About_____________ Para.2 About________________ Para.3 About________________ Jia Sixie Qi Min Yao Shu Jia Sixie’s advice

39. Jia Sixie: Lived in:_________________________ Was born in:______________________ Spent his time on:_________________ ____________________________________________________ the sixth century Yidu, Shandong province research into research intoagriculture (collected···, studied···, (collected···, studied···, did···, learned from···)

40. Qimin Yaoshu: About:___________________________ Includes advice on: ________________________________ ________________________________ ______________ both farming and gardening growing green vegetables and fruit trees; keeping cows, sheep and fish in lakes; making wine

41. Jia Sixie’s Advice: 1.do things________________________ 2.________the soil if not good 3._______rough ground before sowing 4._______weeds 5._______the soil 6._______the crops in the fields 7.wheat is planted _______________ 8.Grow different plants______________ _____________________ _____________________ ________ploughing________ploughing at the right time of the year improve clean remove plough autumn spring change close together next to each next to each other in the same field.

42. Read the passage while listening to the tape and finish the exercises below:

43. 1.Which of the following is true according to the passage? ________ A. Jia Sixie was the earliest agricultural scientist. A. Jia Sixie was the earliest agricultural scientist. B. The knowledge in Qimin Yaoshu is not useful for farmers today. B. The knowledge in Qimin Yaoshu is not useful for farmers today. C. Jia Sixie’s book is a practical guide to farming. C. Jia Sixie’s book is a practical guide to farming. D. Jia Sixie’s book deals with only farming. D. Jia Sixie’s book deals with only farming. C

44. 2.Jia Sixie’s book includes advice on the following subjects except ____. A. making wine A. making wine B. keeping cows, sheep and fish B. keeping cows, sheep and fish C. growing vegetables and trees C. growing vegetables and trees D. making food D. making food D

45. 3. The best harvest is reached when ______. A. farmers change the crops in their fields B. farmers plough the soil deeper C. farmers sow the seed at the correct time of the year D. much fertilizer is put into the fields A

46. 4. This passage is mainly about ______. A. farming in China B. gardening in China C. the history of agriculture in China D. Jia Sixie and his book Qimin Yaoshu. D

47. 5. From this passage we can see that ___. A. traditional methods are still of great use B. traditional methods should be given up C. traditional methods are of no use D. traditional methods are out of date A

48. 1. China was the earliest research center for agriculture. for agriculture. 2. Jia Sixie was born in Gaoyang in Shandong Province. Province. 3. The spring ploughing should be deeper than the autumn ploughing. the autumn ploughing. 5. We should plant rice in the same field year after year. after year. 6. We’d better grow different plants next to each other in the same field. other in the same field. ( T ) ( F ) True or False: ( F ) ( T )

49. Cloze text : Agriculture has a long history in China.One of China’s early ___________scientists was Jia Sixie, who lived in the _______________AD. Around _______, he wrote a book ______Qimin Yaoshu, which is about ________ and _________.This book is a _____________to farming. Firstly, as a farmer you should do things at____________ of the year.If the condition of your soil is not good, you should ________it.When you plough the soil, plough_____ the first time and ________the second time.Change the crops in their fields and do not plant rice _____________ in the same field. Jia also said that it is ______to grow different plants _________________in the same field. agricultural 540 AD sixth century called farming gardening practical guide the right time improvedeep less deep year after year good next to each other

51. 1.Where was Jia Sixie born and when did he live? He was born in Yidu, Shandong Province; he lived in the 6 th century. 2. What advice did Jia Sixie give about ploughing the field? He said that when you plough the soil, plough deep the first time and less deep the second time, and the autumn ploughing should be deeper than the spring ploughing.

52. 3.What should you do first as a farmer? As a farmer, you should remember to do things at the right time of the year. If so, your work will be less and the result will be better. As a farmer, you should remember to do things at the right time of the year. If so, your work will be less and the result will be better. 4. Why did Jia Sixie let sheep or cows walk on the land? Because he wanted the animals to destroy the weeds or eat them.

53. 5.What should we do if we want to reach the best harvest? We should change the crops on the fields. We should change the crops on the fields.

54. How to plant tomatoes? Put …in the box; Put …in the box; Sow …; Sow …; cover …. cover …. keep …in the shade shade tie …to … water … pick …

55. put the soil in the box; sow the tomato seed carefully; cover it with more soil. keep the box in the shade so that the sun will not burn them. tie the little plant to a stick. tie the little plant to a stick. water them in order to stop the soil getting too dry. pick the big and red tomatoes to eat. Firstly, Then, Several weeks later, And Finally, Version:

56. Discussion: Imagine you have a vegetable garden and you want to grow beans, cabbage,onions, tomatoes and sunflowers. Write a plan for your vegetable garden. What will you do in the following periods of the year? November; March; April; May~September; July~ October

57. November: Plough the land deeply for the first time. March: Remove the weeds and plough the land less deeply for the second time. Clean the rough ground. April: Sow the seeds; grow different plants next to each other. May~September: Water the plants, put fertilizer on the soil and remove weeds regularly. July~ October: Harvest the crops.

58. The wisdom of farmers about the weather and farming is collected in many popular proverbs and passed on from generation to generation. The following proverbs tell you something about the weather in England. Are they true for China? No weather is ill, if the wind be still. No weather is ill, if the wind be still. 风止天气好。 / 风平浪静天气晴朗。 风止天气好。 / 风平浪静天气晴朗。 Yellow sky at sunset, wind in the morrow ( 次日 ). Yellow sky at sunset, wind in the morrow ( 次日 ). 日落黄澄澄，明日刮大风。 日落黄澄澄，明日刮大风。 Rain before seven, clear by eleven. Rain before seven, clear by eleven. 开门雨涟涟，晴朗在午前。 / 早雨不过午。 开门雨涟涟，晴朗在午前。 / 早雨不过午。 Farmer’s proverbs and sayings TIPS

59. April showers bring May flowers. April showers bring May flowers. 四月雨带来五月花。 四月雨带来五月花。 Deeds are fruits, words are but leaves. Deeds are fruits, words are but leaves. 只说不干，无收获。 只说不干，无收获。 The best ground bears weeds as well as flowers. The best ground bears weeds as well as flowers. 有喜必有忧。 有喜必有忧。 Never cackle unless you lay. Never cackle unless you lay. 不下蛋，别乱叫。 不下蛋，别乱叫。 Farmer’s proverbs and sayings TIPS

60. Work in groups of four and find any farmers’ proverbs and sayings in China or in the place where you live. Try to explain them in English. Group work

61. 1 、这本书对英语学习有用。 2 、他把业余的时间都花在车上。 3 、他们违背了我们的意愿。 This book is useful for English study. He spent all his spare time on the car. They went against our wishes. Consolidation:

62. 4 、我们每年都到那个地方度假。 5 、比尔旁边的那个人正在和他用西班牙 语交谈。 We have been to that place for a holiday year after year. The man next to Bill was talking to him in Spanish.

63. ▲ be useful for ▲ spent his time on research into agriculture ▲ a practical guide to farming ▲ at the right/correct of the year ▲ go against nature ▲ year after year ▲ next to

64. Homework 1. Read the passage again and find any language points you think difficult. 2. Try to translate the Chinese farmers’ proverbs and sayings into English.

65. Thank you!