1. United Nations Development Programme China The Changing World of UN Development Cooperation By Kerstin Leitner former RC/RR UNDP, China Berlin 2007

2. United Nations Development Programme China The 20 th Century a century of wars, civil strife, many conflicts, genocides and disasters, but as a redeeming feature there has been development cooperation. ( A retiring aid administration official in 2000)

3. United Nations Development Programme China 1950s/60s: Post-colonialism and the Cold War – setting up institutions and organizations – respecting the chosen political structure – staying technical and neutral

4. United Nations Development Programme China 1950s/60s:Delivery of UN Technical Assistance – highly centralized – OPAS – long-term experts – tripartite system

5. United Nations Development Programme China 1970s: the Cold War heats up in Development Cooperation - developed vs. developing countries - political loyalty vs. development needs and requirements - multilateral vs. bilateral programmes - 0.7 percent of GNI as a target

6. United Nations Development Programme China 1970s: Delivery of UN Technical Cooperation - IPF system - government execution - mix of expert types - emphasis on training

7. United Nations Development Programme China 1980s: The Developing World comes politically into its own – regional blocks – the Group of 77 and China – LDCs, threshold countries, regional blocks – globalization – doubts and confusion

8. United Nations Development Programme China 1980s: Delivery of UN Development Cooperation IPF system crumbles tripartite system breaks up national execution emerges capacity building the most urgent demand consultants/sub-contracts increase

9. United Nations Development Programme China 1990s: the Cold War is over – now what? – globalization – one system “wins” – the UN emerging as an indispensable world forum – the UN system in a deep structural crisis

10. United Nations Development Programme China 1990s: Painful Adjustments to a New World Order – the SG’s reform package of July 1997 – the emergence of new funds, e.g. GEF, Montreal Protocol, – and new funding modalities, e.g. multi-bi, MSAs, cost-sharing

11. United Nations Development Programme China 1990s: Delivery of UN Development Cooperation policy support followup to international conferences TCDC / South-South cooperation national professional experts all previous modalities are used emergency assistance vs. development cooperation

12. United Nations Development Programme China The New Millennium and the Challenges of the 21st Century – combining poverty elimination and globalization – expanding trade and creating domestic markets – raising living standards without depleting natural resources

13. United Nations Development Programme China The New Millennium and the Challenges of the 21st Century – protecting human rights and solving conflicts through negotiations – increasing ODA in exchange for policy adjustments – from dependence on governments to partnerships with civil society

14. United Nations Development Programme China The New Millennium and the Challenges of the 21st Century – working on the basis of comparative strength and as a team – working to the same script: MDGs – working on a global agenda in a national and regional context

15. United Nations Development Programme China The Role of UNDP– Responding to Challenges – addressing imbalances and disparities: the quest for equity – tackling environmental threats:keeping the world safe for human habitation – democracy: allowing for participation and inclusion – coordination: bringing partners together

16. United Nations Development Programme China Thank you! For information on UNDP’s work, please visit the website: www. undp.org