1. DANUBE REGION STRATEGY
INTEGRATED UTILIZATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES Synergy examples based on Joint Slovak-Hungarian Monitoring
Prof. Igor Mucha, Dr.Sc., RNDr. Dalibor Rodák, PhD.,
RNDr. Zoltán Hlavatý, PhD., RNDr. Ľubomír Banský, PhD.
GROUND WATER Consulting, Ltd.,
Slovak Governmental Plenipotentiary Expert Group
Prepared for
Plenipotentiary of the Slovak Republic
for Construction and Operation of
Gabcikovo-Nagymaros
Hydroelectric Power Project

2. We need fulfillment of objectives
The economic situation in the European Union is, at least, not in the pink We all need an economic success and visible progress
We need fulfillment of objectives
of the Establishment of European Union
Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning
of the European Union Article 9 and 191,
PRUDENT AND RATIONAL UTILIZATION
OF NATURAL RESOURCES

3. Based on Common Slovak - Hungarian Monitoring &
Synergy Examples of prudent and rational utilization of natural resources
Based on Common Slovak - Hungarian Monitoring
&
Specific Danube Conditions
with the goal to support integrated projects with macro regional benefits
important for the success of the EU Strategy

4. Bratislava – Budapest Danube Water Management
dams
There is no Danube stretch without human intervention The River Danube itself and its surrounding can play the most important role in the Danube Region Strategy, mainly: Navigation improvement, use of hydro-potential, drinking water, water for nature and agriculture, landscape, flood protection, water for sport, recreation, industry, etc.

5. Inundation had been decimated, river flow velocities doubled,
Mikovini map (1733) and present state of the Danube
Since the era of the
king Bela the IV,
1235 to 1270,
the water management
consists, step by step,
from straightening
of riverbed,
excavations,
flood protection,
navigation measures,
riverbank fortification,
closure of branches, etc.
Inundation had been decimated, river flow velocities doubled,
flow rate is the same. It is no more the natural Danube, but still the Danube with valuable nature close habitats.
Alps Carpathians
Original floodplain
alluvial fan

6. Aquifer; Gravel depth 10 - up to 400 m
Basic specific integration points: Danube – water – alluvial fan – navigation – energy Highly permeable extensive aquifer The Danube flows on the top of its fan – flooding danger The Danube water infiltrates into the alluvial aquifer Huge groundwater recharge - excellent water quality Specific inundation, nature close habitats
Flood water level
Original inundation
present
Aquifer; Gravel depth up to 400 m
Permeability – 0.01 m/s

7. Flooded area 1965 in Slovakia
Main (imperative) objective
Flood protection of large areas behind flood protective dikes and reduction of peek flood discharges downstream
Flooded area
1965
in Slovakia
Protection measures?
10 km

8. Large infrastructure projects with the perspective of all mutual synergies such as: protection against flood, water transport, use of hydropower, water supply, agriculture, silviculture, hygiene and water born diseases, recreation, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, etc., according to our experience, evaluate in advance environmental impacts and determine, effective and safeguard measures. Financial and social effect should not be neglected. Some examples:

9. Flood protection dikes
Gabčíkovo stretch
Cross section
Main Synergies:
Flood protection
Navigation
Water supply
Energy
Nature protection
- Care of biotops
Agriculture
Forestry
Waterworks Samorin
Protected Inundation
Flood protection dikes

10. The Danube Floodplain supplied with flowing water is protected area Flowing water means better self purification processes

11. NATURA 2000 sites (Birds, Habitats) on the Slovak area
Excellent wintering and breading conditions for waterfowl
Lesson:
Most of heavy modified and artificial water bodies
and attached areas are protected

12. Joint Monitoring – Ground Water Regime long-term ground water level decrease
Bratislava
result
Sap
Komarno

13. Example of previous long term Ground Water Level Decrease
Bratislava …
Cunovo reservoir
Komarno
Sap

14. Increase of ground water level after filling the through-flowing reservoir with water
Bratislava
Cunovo reservoir
Komarno
Sap

15. Ground Water Level Contour Lines (2000 m3/s) change of flow direction
1992
1993
Rusovce …
Cunovo reservoir
Komarno
Sap

16. Joint Monitoring – Ground Water Quality result —> change of chemical composition
18 mg/l
Rusovce
30 mg/l

17. Example of Culmination of water levels and flow rates
during the flood event in AUGUST 2002
 Station,
River km
Time of Culmination (day, hour)
Max. Water level
Hmax (cm)
Max.
Flow
Qmax (m3s-1)
Difference from previous station
(m3s-1)
Bratislava-Devín, 1879, 78
16.8., 1-2
948
10390 -
Bratislava, 1868,75
16.8., 2-4
991
10310 80
Medveďov, 1806,30
17.8., 3-6
852
9240
Gabčíkovo
Komárno, 1767,80
, 22-1
842
8940
300
Budapest
20.8.
8250
690 + X
Difference
Devín - Budapest X
X – flow rate of the Danube confluents between Devin and Budapest, approximately – 400 m3/s. Peak flow in Budapest was lower by app m3/s than the peak flow in Bratislava

18. Increase of GW level 48 hours after flood culmination in August 2002
Peek Flood Water Storage inside of aquifer was estimated to 580 m3/s in this area
Increase of GW level 48 hours after flood culmination in August 2002
Legend
GWL difference in m

19. No obstacles between Bratislava and Sap
Example of present navigation obstacles between Bratislava and Budapest
No obstacles between Bratislava and Sap
Navigation on the Danube in 2003
examples of bottleneck duration in days (Danube Commission)
Name of the stretch, rkm, Depth (dm), Duration (days, %)
Venek* N ,4
Nyerges* SK-HU N ,9
Ebed* N ,0
Dorog* N ,6
Helemba* N ,8
Domos N ,5
Vac N ,7
God HU N ,4
Budapest N ,4
Ercsi ,5
Solt ,1
*Joint Slovak-Hungarian stretch; N – Nagymaros hydropower stretch

20. New water stream. new eupotamal. Interconnection of main arms,
New water stream new eupotamal Interconnection of main arms, conditions for preservation various water formations (river arms of all types,
lakes, inundation pools,
water holes etc).
All between the
Water supply from by-pass protective
canal and/or from the Old dikes.
Danube. Crossing the old river bed
by the new water stream at several
places. Various hydrological conditions.
Revival of the arm mouths, interconnection
of arms, etc.
Proposal example

21. Objectives – Benefits – Impacts Community – Nature resources
? Integration
Synergy ?
Integration of the Community environmental policy with the sustainable development and prudent and rational utilization of natural resources, using available scientific and technical data, monitoring, regional conditions, and proper transposition of WFD in conformity with the European Community Policy
TTT Project

22. Slovak Republic is offering, as an input into the Danube Region
the TTT Project, which will contribute to
following objectives of the European Union
The TTT project:
Creates conditions for all kinds of connectivity, lies in the middle of the Danube Region, and almost in the middle of the EU
Creates conditions for exploration and construction of waterworks sites for piping and use of high quality potable groundwater in the extremely large quantities over large EU territory
Expects to improve navigation in the Danube in the section Hainburg - Bratislava, hydraulically connecting the Danube Navigation Project East of Vienna with the Hydropower plant Gabcikovo
Allows the use of the Danube hydro-potential, approximately 600 GWh per year.
Allows protection of the groundwater quality issues at Bratislava.

23. The TTT project:
Solves definitively the flood protection at Devin (from Hainburg to Bratislava) and at the mouth of the River Morava.
Allows navigability connection between the Danube and the Morava River, and improves the navigation security in this section
Preserves the Morava River in present state, and into the bargain, allows navigation from the Danube to the TTT project via navigation channel.
Ensures the flood protection downstream the river Morava from the TTT project area, down to the River Danube, using water management of the River Moravia and the shipping channel.
Offers hydraulic possibility to solve environmental problems in the protected areas in the lowland of Záhorská nizina, negatively affected after the World War II.
Supports protection and care of the ecosystems of the protected areas, or minimize the previous and present adverse impacts.

24. The TTT project:
Strongly supports the economy, trade, and jobs
Strongly supports the infrastructure of the territory and small SME projects, including housing
Strongly supports the knowledge society, knowledge-based organizations, educations, etc.
Supports multi cultural development
Creates opportunities to construct reverse pumping storage power station to support storage of wind and solar energy
In many aspects, supports measures to combat climate change (use of hydro-potential, transfer of road transport to rail and water, reducing traffic in light of the TTT project position in the middle of Region and the EU), and by various environmental protection measures.

25. Results of Joint Slovak – Hungarian Environmental Monitoring, are described in this anniversary publication.
Monitoring is dealing with environmental conditions and processes already influenced by hydraulic structures and water management.
Scientific research and interpretation of relations among water management and responds of the surrounding environment will help to prepare quantitative and qualitative prognoses based on previous long term development (causal relations) and further comprehensive modeling of various processes.

26. Thank you for attention
We are looking for close cooperation on the prudent rational utilization of natural resources in the Danube region
Thank you for attention
For more information, publications, documents see:
WWW . GABCIKOVO . GOV . SK / DOC /
Publications:
GROUND WATER Consulting, Ltd., Kolískova 1, Bratislava 4, SLOVAKIA