1. Principles of Government Chapter One
The Formation of Government
Types of Governments
Economic Theories

2. Essays – Ch 1 There are three types of economic systems. Explain each.
What are they
How do they operate/How do governments enforce their decisions?
How are they different/alike
There are four characteristics of the democracy.
Identify the four characteristics
Explain why they are important/vital to a democracy
The United States is an example of Social Contract theory of government.
Identify the two people who founded this philosophy
Explain the statement in essay 3
Give an example in America of a social contract

3. Vocabulary Autocracy Democracy Capitalism Free Market
Command Economy Republic
Communism Sovereignty
Constitution State

4. WHAT IS A STATE?
What makes up a state?
Who runs/how is a state run?

5. What is a STATE (A political community in a precise territory)
Population:
a group of people who share a consensus or agreement about basic beliefs and values
Territory:
Established boundaries.
Sovereignty:
The State has supreme and absolute authority within its boundaries.
Government:
An institution that can maintain social order; provides public service and enforces decisions that are binding on all its residents

6. Origins of the State
Evolutionary Theory: The state evolved out of the family structure
Force Theory: Those with the most force make the rules. People agree to follow out of fear
Divine Right Theory: Rulers claim they are chosen by GOD/GODS.
Social Contract Theory: To create a government, a social contract was made between the ruler and the ruled. (HOBBES and LOCKE)

7. THOMAS HOBBES JOHN LOCKE STATE OF NATURE NATURAL RIGHTS Pessimistic
All men naturally selfish creatures
Life is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish
Gov’t needed to CONTROL natural law
JOHN LOCKE
NATURAL RIGHTS
Optimistic
Gov‘t necessary to preserve natural law not control it
Men governed by Natural Reason
AGREED UPON
All men are equal – no one is superior
Both philosophers
Respected NATURAL LAW
Wars will happen

8. HOBBES and LOCKE Thomas Hobbes John Locke
“State of Nature” People will agree to follow the rules as long as their needs are met
John Locke
“Social Contract” People will surrender their will to the government if their needs are met.
“Natural Rights” Life, Liberty and Property
No right to revolt if rights are protected
But if needs are not met, they had the right/responsibility to rebel and fight for a government that would protect them

9. Political Cartoons Go to page 31 in your books
Look at/Discuss the political cartoon
Class discussion

13. Purposes of Government
Maintain Social Order
Provide Public Services
Provide Security and Defense
Provide for the Economy
To fulfill these functions, government makes rules that everyone must follow and have the authority to punish those who do not follow them

14. Formation of Governments
Unitary System: All the power is given to a central government
British system before revolution
Federal System: Divides powers of government between national and state/local government. Each has sovereignty over certain areas
Confederacy
US today – federal system of government
See page 20 for list of countries/types of government

15. Constitutions and Gov’t (a plan that provide the rules for government)
1) Sets out ideals that the people bound by the constitution believe in and share
2) Establishes the basic structure of government and defines the government’s powers and duties
3) Provides the supreme law for the country

16. Constitutional Government
All governments have some sort of constitution (either written or unwritten)
Some chose to follow their constitution very closely
Some chose to empower their governments very differently than our Constitution

17. Constitutions Incomplete Guides: Intentionally vague
Can’t foresee all things
Doesn’t reflect how government actually works
Statement of Goals: Preamble
Framework for Government: plan for the government (structure/function)
Highest Law:

18. Politics and Government
Seeking Government Benefits
People participate in politics because they believe they can influence lives in many ways
People participate in politics to influence how money is spent
Importance of Politics
Politics provides a peaceful way to people to compete for government favor
Special Interests
Groups of people who band together to try to influence how/what government is doing

19. Involvement in Politics
VOTING – THE MOST IMPORTANT POWER YOU HAVE
Advocating – working to get issues or laws addressed by the gov’t
Demonstrating – actively protesting or marching for a cause
Running for elected office – choosing to be a part of the governmental solution – create change from within

20. Governing in a Complex World
Inequalities Among States
Industrialized Nations
Developing Nations
Growing Interdependence
Nations today depend on each other, especially economically and politically
International Organizations
Groups operate on a worldwide basis
National Liberation Organizations
Terrorist Organization
Multination Corporations
Organizations of States around the world
Nongovernmental Organizations (NGO’s)

21. Types Of Government Autocracy – Rule of One Oligarchy – Rule by a Few
Monarchy, Dictatorship
England/Netherlands, North Korea
Oligarchy – Rule by a Few
China/Government by small party
Iran/Theocracy
Democracy – Rule of the People
Direct – Each person votes on all issues
Town hall meetings
Republic – representative government
Modern democracies

22. Characteristics of DEMOCRACY
Individual Liberty
All are born equal with inalienable rights
Government’s job is to protect those rights
Majority Rule/Minority Rights
The majority gets to decide what the government does
Elections determine who/what is done by government
Minority’s rights cannot be voted away
Free Elections
No fees, qualifiers to vote
Private/secret vote
Competing Politics of Parties
Not just one political point of view involved
Differing opinions welcomed, invited

23. Essential Elements for a DEMOCRACY
Citizen Participation
Citizens who inform themselves and choose to participate in politics
A Favorable Economy
A large middle class (wealth broadly distributed)
Free Enterprise System (capitalism)
Widespread Education
Most of the citizens are educated or have access to education
A Strong Civil Society
Society with strong organizations that operate outside of the government
A Social Consensus
Society that shares a similar view – common democratic ideals
(ie- voting by all, rights to all, opportunity to all)

24. Economic Theories Capitalism p. 27-28 Socialism p.28
** What/how much to produce
** How should goods/services be produced/distributed
** Who gets access to goods/services
Capitalism p
Socialism p.28
Communism p
“Mixed Economy” p. 28

25. Capitalism
A market system in which buyers and sellers compete to make money
Also known as FREE MARKET, which originally meant the government placed no limits on economic decisions made by buyers or sellers (“laissez-faire”)
Competition plays a KEY ROLE as sellers compete over resources to produce goods. Consumers compete over limited products to purchase
Workers also compete as they sell their skills and labor for the best wages/salaries

26. US Capitalism
US has a MIXED ECONOMY, which means while the US in definitely CAPITALIST, there are government regulations (that protect the public welfare) that impact the market
Government is the largest consumer of goods/services
Government regulates, to some extent, every industry
Great Depression opened the door to market place regulations like minimum wage, work hours, social security
But, along with government regulations, the government also fiercely protects the rights of the individual – like freedom to choose

27. Socialism
Economic system in which the government owns the basic means of production (land, labor, capital ($$)), determines wages and provides social services like education, health care and welfare
Basic theory is that most countries can produce enough wealth that no one should suffer hunger or homelessness
Government will control the basic things and provide those without the need to make a profit, thus keeping costs much lower
- Those against SOCIALISM believe it interferes with free choice and places a high tax rate which hinders economic growth/choice

28. Communism
Industrial Revolution showed problems with a capitalistic system – a struggle between the classes (rich vs. poor)
Government planners decide how much, what to produce and how to distribute goods/services
Also known as a COMMAND ECONOMY
State controls all economic activity
The only way this has worked, in reality, is under totalitarian rule where the government controls EVERYTHING, especially the media
Few communist nations still exist
North Korea, Cuba – still practice fairly pure communism
China – mixed economy – mostly communist, but some free market thrown in

29. Essays – Ch 1 There are three types of economic systems. Explain each.
What are they
How do they operate/How do governments enforce their decisions?
How are they different/alike
There are four characteristics of the democracy.
Identify the four characteristics
Explain why they are important/vital to a democracy
The United States is an example of Social Contract theory of government.
Identify the two people who founded this philosophy
Explain the statement in essay 3
Give an example in America of a social contract