1. Lessons Learnt of Indonesia Disaster Experience in Tsunami
Ridwan Yunus
Information Management Officer, BNPB
EAST ASIA SUMMIT RAPID DISASTER RESPONSE: SEARCH AND RESCUE LESSONS LEARNED SEMINAR
SYDNEY 20–23 SEPTEMBER 2015

2. Indonesia Maritime Continent
BACKGROUND
17,504 islands (1st in the world)
81,000 km long coastline (2nd in the world)
Population 237 million people (4th in the world)
Mega Biodiversity (10% plants, 12% of mammals, 16% of reptiles, 15% fish,17% of bird in the world live in Indonesia) – 3rd in the world
13% or 129 active volcanoes in the world (1st in the world)
Indonesia Maritime Continent
Indonesia is big country. Indonesia as Maritime Continent country. We have islands, 81 thousand kilo meters long coastline, 237 million people, and mega biodiversity.

3. Hindia-Australia Plate
Eurasia Plate
Pacific Plate
12 cm/year
Indonesia is located at 3 main tectonic plates which are active, they are : Eurasia, Pacific and Hindia-Australia. The active tectonic process there are many earthquakes, tsunami, volcano eruption and others.
5-6 cm/year
Hindia-Australia Plate
Indonesia is located at 3 main tectonic plates which are active, they are Eurasia, Pacific and Hindia-Australia. The active tectonic process there are many earthquakes, tsunami, volcano eruption and others.
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22/12/2009

4. INDONESIA’S MOST NOTABLE TSUNAMI DISASTER
The Great Sumatra
Earthquake -Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster
December 26, 2004

5. LOCATION

6. BEFORE AND AFTER THE DISASTER (DECEMBER 26, 2004 EARTHQUAKE-TSUNAMI)
SOURCE OF IMAGES: SPACE IMAGING/CRISP-SINGAPORE
NOTE: A TSUNAMI TRAVELS AT SPEEDS OF ABOUT 800 KM/HR IN THE DEEP OCEAN

7. BEFORE
AFTER

8. BEFORE
AFTER

9. THE TSUNAMI
THE EXISTING INDIAN OCEAN WARNING SYSTEM WAS INADEQUATE; SO EVACUATION DID NOT HAPPEN.
TSUNAMI WAVES WITH WAVE HEIGHTS OF 4 TO 10 M AND INLAND RUNUP OF 3.3 KM OR MORE REACHED THE COASTS OF ALL INDIAN OCEAN NATIONS- - -
WHOSE PEOPLE WERE UNEVACUATED AND UNPREPARED

10. IMPACTS OF THE DISASTER
AS MANY AS 220,000 PEOPLE KILLED (MORE THEN 120,000 IN INDONESIA)
--- AND 500,000 INJURED
URGENT NEED FOR FOOD, WATER, AND HEALTH CARE SERVICES TO PREVENT “A HEALTH-CARE DISASTER AFTER THE TSUNAMI DISASTER”
MILLIONS DISPLACED FROM HOMES
BILLIONS OF DOLLARS NEEDED FOR RESPONSE, RECOVERY, AND RECONSTRUCTION
INTERNATIONAL AID WAS COORDINATED BY UN, USA, INDIA, AUSTRALIA, & JAPAN

11. Earthquakes and Tsunami
Aceh,2004
Nias, 2005
Padang,2009
Mega trust earthquake and tsunami in Aceh in 2004, provides valuable lessons on the importance of disaster management in Indonesia. Then established the Law of Disaster Management, established the National Agency for Disaster Management in national, provincial and district or city level.
Jogja, 2006
Mentawai, 2010

12. EQ and Tsunami
Aceh-North Sumatra
IN :
NATION
RESILIENT
2004
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Yogyakarta
Declaration
OUT :
DRR
KNOWLEDGE
CENTER

13. Disaster Management Law No. 24 / 2007
The role of National and Local Governments
Establishment of BNPB and BPBDs
Roles and Responsibility of Community in DM
Roles of Private sectors and International in DM
DM Implementation: pre-disaster, emergency
response, and post-disaster
Funding and Relief Assistance Management
Controlling, Monitoring & Evaluation of DM
implementation

14. ROLE OF BNPB DISASTER MANAGEMENT COORDI-NATION COMMAND COORDI-NATION.
PREVENTION
MITIGATION
PREPAREDNESS
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
RECOVERY
PRE DISASTER
DURING
POST DISASTER

15. Law No. 24/2007 on Disaster Management & Emergency Response
Chapter 2, article 3:
Disaster response must be undertaken on timely manner in order to save lives of the affected population
Disaster response/assistance must utilize consistent, yet flexible approach in order to adapt to the existing situation and condition, regardless of the causes, scope, location and complexity of the occurring event
Disaster response activities must be transparent and accountable

16. Chapter 7: Disaster Management during Emergency Phase:
Article 48: Activities undertaken during emergency phase
Article 49: Rapid assessment
Article 50: BNPB and BPBD to have facilitated access on mobilization of
human resources, equipment, logistics, etc.
Article 51: Government to decide on the status / level of disaster
Article 52: Rescue and evacuation of victims of disaster
Article 53: Provision of basic humanitarian needs
Article 54: Management of affected and displaced population
Article 55: Protection of the vulnerable group
Article 56: Recovery of vital public facilities and infrastructure

17. Govt Regulation: No 21 Ch. 25-27 on mobilization of resources
Disaster
Emergency Situation
Chief of
BNPB/BPBD
(authority)
requests
Institution/agencies
(appoint decision maker authority)
MOBILIZATION
(request, acceptance, utilization)
GOALS
Rescue and evacuation
Fulfillment of basic needs
Emergency recovery
Human resources
Equipment
Logistic
dispatch
mobilization
Community
“based on needs”
Disaster
Affected
Area

18. Govt Regulations No 21 Ch. 32-37 C I Q
Disaster
Emergency Situation
FACILITATED ACCESS
FOREIGN
ASSISTANCE
EXEMPTION (as stated in Law & Regulation)
Custom duty
Tax
Quarantine (except for equipment/logistics w potential hazards)
RECOMMENDATION
CHIEF OF BNPB
LOGISTIC
EQUIPMENT
Visa process and services
Entry permit
Working permit (the longest duration should be in alignment with emergency phase)
Exit permit
DEPLOYMENT/Recommedation
Govt of Country of Origin
International Institutions
International NGOs
PERSONNEL
Utilizing its own equipment
Undertake emergency operation in the affected area
Must report to immigration
office /foreign affairs office

19. Govt Regulations No 21 Ch. 38 on Permits
Disaster
Emergency Situation
FOREIGN ASSISTANCE
INSTITUTION/AGENCY
FACILITATED
ACCESS
CHIEF OF BNPB obtains special permits
(regardless of the time and place and with the available communication means)
PERSONNEL OF FOREIGN MILITARY
FOREIGNERS from countries with no diplomatic relations
DG Counselor – MoFA
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT FOREIGN MILITARY providing emergency assistance
Ministry of Defense
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of Transportation

20. GOVT REGULATION No. 23 YEAR 2008 : Involvement of International Organizations & Foreign NGOs in Disaster Management
“EMERGENCY RESPONSE”
DIRECT
ASSISTANCE
International Agencies/
Foreign NGOs
FUNDING
BNPB
COORDINATION
Related Agency
PERSONNEL,
LOGISTIC,
EQUIPMENT
APPROVAL
BNPB
MOBILIZATION
FACILITATED ACCESS
SUBMISSION of Info on
# of Personnel,
Logistics,
Equipment,
Site of Operation
(before, during or immediately after the assistance arrives
Immigration
Custom
Quarantine
Permits

21. Stand-by Force for Emergency Management
Satuan Reaksi Cepat Penanggulangan Bencana (SRC PB) = Indonesia Rapid Response & Assistance (INDRRA)
SRC-PB / INDRRA is
combined civil – military forces from various relevant line ministries/agencies
being dispatched to assist affected local government in undertaking emergency activities in timely and integrated manner
Undertaking rapid assessment on the impacts of the disaster as well as the humanitarian needs, during the initial /early stage of the emergency phase

22. Indonesia’s Achievement in Disaster Risk Reduction
Enactment of Law No. 24/2007 and PP No 21, 22, 23 year 2008, Perpres No. 8/2008 and Head of BNPB Regulations
Establishment of BNPB and BPBD (33 provinces and 306 districts/cities)
Set up of National Platform for DRR
Formulation of National DM Plan and National Action Plan for DRR ( ) and integration of DRR into the National Middle-term Development Plan RPJM
DM becomes priority in development (no 9 from 11)
HFA Progress Report every 2 years
Formulation of Contingency Plans
Building of Ina TEWS and Vulcano Monitoring
Building of Emergency Operations Center (Jakarta, DIY, Bali, etc)
Set-up of National Rapid Response Team (SRC-PB) for the Eastern and Western Regions
Disaster Management Simulation and Exercises
Building Safer School and Hospital
Establishment Indonesia Disaster Relief Training Ground
Implementation Yogyakarta Declaration --- Resilient Community

23. EAS Toolkit
The East Asia Summit Rapid Disaster Response Toolkit has been prepared by Emergency Management Australia and BNPB, Indonesia, in collaboration with relevant agencies from all 18 East Asia Summit participating countries and in consultation with the ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM).
The Toolkit contains three Tools aimed at improving rapid disaster response capability and cooperation across EAS countries.
TOOL 1 : NATIONAL FOCAL POINT TABLE
TOOL 2 : GUIDANCE FOR RAPID D ISASTER RESPONSE
TOOL 3 : EAS COUNTRY D ISASTER RESPONSE ARRANGEMENTS
Indonesia will conduct EAS Toolkit exercise :
National level : November 2015
International level : 2016
Indonesia:
As we all know the wake of a major disaster is the wrong time for countries to re-evaluate, or for that matter consider for the first time, their national arrangements for receiving or providing rapid disaster response.
The Toolkit has been developed by BNPB and EMA, in consultation with EAS members, as part of the broader Indonesia-Australia EAS Disaster Management Initiative.
To progress the Initiative, the Indonesian-Australian Paper: A Practical Approach to Enhance Regional Cooperation on Disaster Rapid Response was developed, and endorsed by EAS Leaders in November 2011.
Following the endorsement by leaders of that Paper, a workshop was held in 2013 in Darwin, Australia. That Workshop agreed an action plan for the Initiative including the development of a Toolkit to improve the effectiveness of rapid disaster response within the EAS by:
improving baseline disaster management information
simplifying existing arrangements between members
developing a common ‘operating language’
strengthening how countries prepare for and rapidly respond to disasters, and
sharing country specific information across the EAS and provides a regional network of NDMO’s.
The Toolkit takes into account existing arrangements and provides consistency to assist those countries which do not have procedures in place.
Under the joint EAS objective to enhance the collective regional rapid disaster response capability, it is in our best regional interest to further this objective by actively contributing to the compilation for the final version
I will now hand over to my project partner and colleague Mr Chris Collett, EMA, who will discuss the key components of the Toolkit and provide you with an update on recent developments on it.
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24. THANK YOU