1. that live in North America?
What are the different ethnic and religious groups
that live in North America?

2. The People US population is among the most diverse
Diversity reflects influence of immigration on the country
Canadians trace roots to immigrants
Some Canadians are descendants of Native Americans

3. The People
People in the United States and Canada have a high standard of living
Able to have many personal choices and opportunities
Agricultural surplus makes food inexpensive
Housing varies (high-rise apartments, multifamily row houses, or suburban houses)
Owns phones, TVs, 94% own computers

4. The People
50% of households are married couples with 22% have children under 18
Households are smaller than the past, % had one or two children, compared to 46% in 1970
Canadian characteristics of family are similar to United States
69% are married, with 41% have children, 44% of families with children have one child, 39% have 2, and 17% have 3 or more
Canada and the United States both have aging populations

5. United States Over 300 million people
Many are descendants of immigrants or are immigrants
2.5 million are Native
Americans
Europeans, Asians, Africans, and Latin American descendants make up the rest of the population

6. United States Immigrants came for religious freedom,
political freedom,
better economic opportunities,
fled war or natural disasters

7. United States
Natural resources and rapid industrial and economic development attract immigrants
Immigrants first faced discrimination, but offered hard work, talent, enthusiasms, and diverse cultural practices
Immigrants today seek jobs, education, career opportunities, or refuge from political situations
2008, 12.5% of US population was foreign born, half of foreign born population are from Latin America

8. Canada Immigrants to Canada came for Political freedom
Religious freedom
Economic opportunities
Education
Refuge from war

9. Canada
Loyalists fled to Canada from the British colonies after the American Revolution
Many loyalists settled in the Maritime provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island
Mix of ethnic origins varies from province to province

10. Canada Quebec is mostly French descendants
Over ¼ of Canadians identify themselves as of mixed ethnic origins
Over 1 million identify themselves as Native American (Inuit), or of mixed European and Native American descent

11. Culture of United States of America
Language and Religion
English is the main language of the United States
People also speak or use words or phrases from other languages
Some people are bilingual
Growing Latino population has made Spanish the second common language
Most Americans are Christian
Other religions practiced are Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism

12. Culture of United States of America
Education and Health Care
Education is a network of public and private schools
Attending school is required until age 16
USA has a 99% literacy rate
Health care is available to many, but some are unable to purchase health insurance
The government is in the process for providing health care for all citizens

13. Culture of United States of America
The Arts
First Americans integrated art, music, and storytelling into daily life
European settlement caused art in America to be dominated by European traditions
Mid 1800s people began to create own art forms reflecting their lives and culture
Jazz was developed by African Americans

14. Culture of Canada Language and Religion
Two official languages (English and French)
Reflects the power struggle between French and British in the past
French is dominant in the province of Quebec
Other languages spoken are German, Italian, and Chinese
Native languages include Cree and Inuktitut
Christianity is the largest religion
Other religions include Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, and Sikhism
Multiple religions reflect Canada’s
diverse immigrant population

15. Culture of Canada Education and Health Care 99% literacy rate
Network of public and private schools, each province is responsible for organizing and administering public education
Required for students 6 to 16
Government helps pays for
health care for all its citizens
Each province finances and manages its own health care systems
High life expectancies has led to increased health care costs which have resulted in limiting benefits or raising taxes

16. Culture of Canada The Arts
Influenced by British, French, American, and native cultures
Immigrant population has added to literature, visual arts, theater, and music
Government promotes locally produced cultural products in mass media since 1950s
Toronto is highly regarded in theater and music

17. Where do the people of the United States and
Canada live?

18. United States Density and Distribution
Population density of United States: 87 people per square mile.
Large population distribution outside of urban areas.
Northeast and Great Lakes regions are MORE densely populated b/c they are historic centers of commerce and industry.
Pacific coast attracts people looking for mild climate and economic opportunities, which leads to clusters of densely populated areas

19. United States Density and Distribution
Subarctic region of Alaska, the parched Great Basin, and parts of the arid and semi-arid Great Plains are the LEAST densely populated.
American South and Southwest are the fastest growing areas.
Area nicknamed the Sunbelt for its mild climate; area draws people to growing manufacturing, service, and tourism industries. Proximity to Mexico and Caribbean draws immigrants to the region.

20. United States Urban Areas
Urbanization – movement of people from rural areas to urban areas
Mechanized agriculture required fewer workers leading to movement to cities to find job opportunities.
Metropolitan area – includes a city with a population of at least 50,000 people and outlying communities called suburbs
Most people in the U.S. live in metropolitan areas.
Urban Sprawl – As metropolitan areas become crowded, leads to the further spread of people and suburban development

21. United States Urban Areas
Megalopolis – a great big area that is made up of several large and small cities
Many U.S. population clusters lie in coastal areas where strong economies are linked to world trade and can support large populations.
Pacific coast cities provide important links to the rest of the world, growth of inland cities fueled by their proximity to rivers and lakes.
– Example: Area between Boston and Washington D.C. along the Atlantic Coast an called the Boswash megalopolis.

22. Canada Density and Distribution
Most of Canada is inhospitable due to rugged terrain and bitterly cold climates.
90% of Canadian population lives along the US-Canada border
Average population density is 9 people per square mile
Most densely populated areas clustered near waterways and in places that support agriculture
Over past 100 years most internal migration has been to the Prairie Provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta
Migration due in part to the discovery of oil and natural gas in the arctic

23. Canada Urban Areas Most population lives in urban areas
Toronto – largest city, industrial
and financial center
Montreal – industrial and shipping center, ships reach the inland through the St.
Lawrence & Ottawa Rivers, and the Great Lakes.
Vancouver – handles nearly all trade between Canada and Asia
Edmonton – grew with development of the petroleum industry

24. an interdependent and globalized economy?
How did the United States and Canada develop into
an interdependent and globalized economy?

25. Economic Activities
Market Economies – allows people to own, operate, and profit from their own businesses.
Allows businesses to hire employees and pay them for their work.
Laws in place to protect private property rights, employment opportunities, and the health and safety of workers.
Both developed countries with mostly industrial economies.
Postindustrial Economies – place less emphasis on heavy industry and traditional manufacturing and more emphasis on service and high-tech businesses.

26. Economic Activities
77% of the region’s workers are employed in service jobs, such as government, education, health care, and banking.
Many of these service jobs located in the central business district of urban areas where the high concentration of office buildings and retail shops is easily accessible from the industrial areas as well as from the suburbs.
Central business district – a traditional business and commercial center referred to as downtown.

27. Economic Activities High tech industries – less dependent on location.
Located in areas similar to that of a person’s choice of where to live: weather, proximity to work, and access to recreational facilities
– Example: Silicon Valley – the 3rd largest high tech center after New York and Washington D.C.
» Located near a cosmopolitan area, year round pleasant weather, and offices nearby housing.

28. Economic Activities Manufacturing
20% of both U.S. and Canadian economies
Companies began moving from the Manufacturing Belt south to the Sunbelt
Rust Belt,͟ area left behind as industries moved south to the Sunbelt. Many old, unused factories being converted for new industries, a process called retooling
Examples:
Sunbelt – transportation equipment and machinery
California/Washington – aircraft and aerospace equipment
Midwest – automobiles
California/Northeast – food processing
Canada/Quebec – wood based products (timber resources)

29. Economic Activities Agriculture
Commercial agriculture – producing agricultural commodities
Most farms are still owned by families, rather than large corporations, many have formed cooperative operations
Approximately 920 million acres in US used for agriculture
Approximately 167 million acres in Canada used for agriculture

30. Economic Activities Agriculture
Size of farms has decreased in the U.S. due to:
High cost of farming
Unpredictable consumer demand,
Risk of natural disaster
Time/hardwork to run a farm

31. Economic Activities Agriculture Key agriculture products:
Cattle Ranches – Western, Southern, Midwestern, North- Central United States/ Prairie Provinces, Quebec, and Ontario in Canada
Wheat Belt – Great Plains United States/ Prairie Provinces of Canada
Corn – Corn Belt stretches from Ohio to Nebraska/ Quebec, Ontario, and Manitoba Canada

32. Economic Activities Agriculture Agriculture Technology:
Dairy farming in the United States can occur in every American state and many Canadian provinces as a result of:
– Improved feed sources and automation

33. Transportation and Communications
The Automobile
Most popular means of personal transportation
Heavy investment in highways, roads, and bridges, which are also important for the transport of good.
US roads/highways are densest along the east & west coasts, and the Mississippi & Ohio River valleys

34. Transportation and Communications
The Automobile
Canada roads/highways concentrated on the southern part of the country
Trans-Canada Highway runs 4,860 miles from Victoria, British Columbia to Newfoundland.
Reliance on automobiles results in air pollution and traffic congestion in the region’s cities
Long-haul trucks carry about
28% of the region’s freight

35. Transportation and Communications
Other Means of Transportation
Airport networks
Atlanta and Chicago’s international airports are two of the busies in the United States
Toronto International airport Canada’s busiest airport
Carry a small portion of the region’s heavy freight

36. Transportation and Communications
Other Means of Transportation
Railroads/Pipelines
Railroads – Move 36% of the region’s freight
Pipelines – carry about 20% of region’s freight in the form of oil and gas
Waterways – Moves 13% of
Region’s freight
Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Seaway System used by both US and Canada to transport goods
Mississippi River – used to transport US grain/petroleum products

37. Transportation and Communications
Communication networks – influenced the success of region’s economy
Mobile communication –
cellular and digital services
Internet/ – business transactions/ personal communications

38. Transportation and Communications
Television , radio, newspapers (local/national), magazines (local/national), and international news
Canada’s broadcasting/publishing services publicly owned
US Broadcasting/Publishing services privately owned – government regulations in place to prevent development of a monopoly

39. Trade and Interdependence
Global economy, the merging of economies in which countries are interconnected and become dependent on one another for good and services

40. Trade and Interdependence
Exports and Imports
US spends more on imports than it earns from exports  resulting in a deficit
US Deficit results from the countries large consumer population and growing industries that require costly energy purchases
Some countries charge high tariffs or taxes on imports, which would increase the price of US products and reduce their sales abroad.

41. Trade and Interdependence
Exports and Imports
Canada exports more than it spends on imports  resulting in a trade surplus
Smaller population makes energy needs less costly
Canada’s actual export revenues (profits) are closer in total to the amount of money spent on imports

42. Trade and Interdependence
NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement
Trade agreement between US, Canada, and Mexico – created in 1994
Created one of the world’s largest
trading blocks
Eliminated trade barriers
Increased economic activity among three countries
Strengthened their political and economic positions in the global economy
Outsourcing – setting up plants, service industries, and other businesses abroad to produce parts and products for domestic use or sale.
NAFTA allows US companies to set up assembly plants in Mexico, where labor costs are lower

43. Trade and Interdependence
United Against Terrorism
After September 11, 2001 US and Canada created the Smart Border action plan to enhance border security.
Focuses on
monitoring the flow of People/goods
Securing infrastructure
Sharing information
The Free and Secure Trade Program (FAST program) – Establishes complete and reliable records for all cargo
Sharing and coordination between US and Canadian law enforcement agencies have increased greatly under the Smart Border plan.