1. 1 CLIMATE CHANGE WHAT IT IS WHAT WE CAN DO 1

2. 2 Daily Weather Map Rainfall Trends (in CA): One Element of Climate Change Source: Adapted from Jim Goodridge. “One Hundred Years of Rainfall Trends in California.” in “Watershed Management Council Networker.” Winter 1991.

3. 3 OBSERVED GLOBAL SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURES Source: Adapted from NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York

4. 4 HISTORICAL AND PROJECTED FUTURE CO 2 CONCENTRATIONS Source: Based on IPCC (1995). Derived from ice-core measurements (Siple and South Pole) and direct observation (Mauna Loa, Hawaii)

5. 5 GREENHOUSE EFFECT

6. 6 HUMAN ACTIVITIES CAN INTENSIFY THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT Transportation Industry Utilities

7. 7 POSSIBLE CLIMATE RESPONSE Source: Adapted from a February 1997 briefing by Dan Albritton of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

8. 8 EVIDENCE FOR GLOBAL WARMING

9. 9 INDICATORS OF CLIMATE CHANGE 1998 was the warmest year ever recorded 1 degree Fahrenheit temperature increase over last century Melting of glaciers worldwide Sea level has risen 4- 10 inches over past 100 years Source: Adapted from Office of Science and Technology Policy. October 1997. Climate Change State of Knowledge

10. 10 The issue is real. Some human-induced climate change appears inevitable. Discernible “first signs” are being seen now. But exact predictions on rates of change, magnitude of change, and impacts in different regions are hard to make. Some human-induced climate change would be hard to reverse. SCIENTIFIC CONSENSUS

11. 11 POTENTIAL CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS Health Agriculture Water Resources and Aquatic Life Coastal Areas Forests Species and Natural Areas Climate Changes Sea Level Rise Temperature Precipitation Source: Anne Grambsch (1998)

12. 12 AVERAGE ANNUAL EXCESS WEATHER-RELATED MORTALITY FOR 1993, 2020 AND 2050 CLIMATE19932020 2050 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 LosAngeles 0 200 300 400 500 600 St. Louis New York City 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Dallas 120 160 200 0 40 80 Atlanta 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 Sources: Kalkstein and Green (1997); Chestnut et al. (1995) Note: Includes both summer and winter mortality. Assumes full acclimation to changed climate. Includes population growth. GFDL Climate Change Scenario. Phoenix 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 100

13. 13 PROJECTED CHANGES IN VEGETATION

14. 14 CHANGE IN WHEAT YIELD Percent Change - 30 - 20 - 10 0 + 30 >+30 + 20 + 10 Source: Rosenzweig, 1995 + 2.5 o C + 7% Precipitation 530 ppmv CO 2

15. 15 EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS

16. 16 RISING SEAS, VANISHING SHORES Circa 1920 1997 North Beach, Maryland

17. 17 LOSS OF HABITAT FOR BROWN TROUT FROM A DOUBLING OF CO 2 - 2050 Not included in analysis * 1-49% Loss 50-100% Loss Source: EPA, 1995* Dual screening criteria used for inclusion: 1) Thermal modeling predicts suitability and 2) Fish presence in 10% or more of State’s water bodies. GFDL Climate Change Scenario

18. 18 WHAT ARE RESPONSE OPTIONS TO CLIMATE CHANGE? Do Nothing Adapt Mitigate

19. 19 WHAT ARE SOME POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SLOWING OF GLOBAL WARMING? Source: NOAA, 1995

20. 20 ACTIONS THAT STATES AND LOCALITIES CAN TAKE Inventory your state’s or community’s greenhouse gas emissions. Develop a plan of cost-effective actions to take. Retrofit public facilities and improve their operations to save energy. Purchase fuel-efficient vehicles for state and municipal fleets. Burn methane from landfills and wastewater treatment plants to generate electricity. Plant trees.

21. 21 ACTIONS THAT HOMEOWNERS CAN TAKE Reduce your utility bills by purchasing energy-efficient appliances, fixtures, and other home equipment and products. Use low-flow faucets in your showers and sinks. Insulate all water pipes to reduce heat loss. Purchase “Green Power” for your home’s electricity if available from your utility. Recycle aluminum cans, glass bottles, plastic, cardboard, and newspapers. Carpool.

22. 22 ACTIONS THAT BUSINESSES CAN TAKE Buy energy-efficient computers, copiers, printers, fax machines, and other office equipment. Convert to energy-efficient lighting fixtures that can help you use 40 percent less energy for lighting. Purchase reflective roofing materials and insulation. Recycle. Supplement employee public transportation.

23. 23 Methane Reduction and Recovery Industrial Sector HFC, PFC, and NOx Emissions Voluntary Programs Buildings Forestry Sector International, State and Local Programs Transportation Sector Energy Sector CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN (CCAP)

24. 24 FOR MORE INFORMATION EPA’s State and Local Climate Change Program (for information on mitigation and adaptation actions that states and communities can take) Website: http://www.epa.gov/globalwarming/ and click on “Public Decision Makers” under the “Visitors Center” EPA/DOE E NERGY S TAR ® program (for information on buying E NERGY S TAR ® equipment for municipal offices) Tel: (888) 782-7937 Website: http://www.epa.gov/energystar.html EPA/DOE Climate Wise (for information on cost-effective industrial energy efficiency and pollution prevention actions) Website: http://www.epa.gov/climatewise/ DOE’s Motor Challenge program (for information on energy-efficient motors) Tel: (800) 862-2086 Website: http://www.motor.doe.gov

25. 25 YOU CAN HELP STOP GLOBAL WARMING