1. Using SAS/Graph on z/OS to Display Performance and Capacity Data Richard S. Ralston Humana, Inc.

2. What You Need SAS Base SAS Graph IBM HTTP Server Patience Patricia Wingfield’s CMG2003 paper: No More Downloading Online Resources: SAS – Michael Hines, Richard S. Ralston - http://www.cmg.org/measureit/issues/mit35/m_35_11.html

3. HFS/ZFS vs. PDSE PDSE Like other systems the last qualifier identifies type of contents.HTML,.GIF,.JPG Allocated in JCL or SAS statements Sharable across LPARs HFS Preallocated Directory structure May not be able to share HFS across LPARs Security and sharing issues ZFS Same concerns as HFS

4. Allocating PDSE Files %MACRO dsalloc (prefix=,timepd=,disp=); %GLOBAL htmlds gifds; DATA _NULL_; LENGTH dsname $44; %IF &timepd='D' | &timepd=D | &timepd=d %THEN %DO; date=_rptdate; dsname="&prefix" || '.D' || PUT(date,JULIAN5.) || '.HTML'; CALL SYMPUT("htmlds",TRIM(dsname)); dsname="&prefix" || '.D' || PUT(date,JULIAN5.) || '.GIF'; CALL SYMPUT("gifds",TRIM(dsname)); %END; %IF &timepd='M' | &timepd=M | &timepd=m %THEN %DO; date=_rptmth; dsname="&prefix" || '.M' || PUT(date,yymmdd4.) || '.HTML'; CALL SYMPUT("htmlds",TRIM(dsname)); dsname="&prefix" || '.M' || PUT(date,yymmdd4.) || '.GIF'; CALL SYMPUT("gifds",TRIM(dsname)); %END; %IF &timepd='MTD' | &timepd=MTD | &timepd=mtd %THEN %DO; date=_rptmth; dsname="&prefix" || '.MTD' || '.HTML'; CALL SYMPUT("htmlds",TRIM(dsname)); dsname="&prefix" || '.MTD' || '.GIF'; CALL SYMPUT("gifds",TRIM(dsname)); %END; %IF &timepd='N' | &timepd=N | &timepd=n %THEN %DO; dsname="&prefix" || '.HTML'; CALL SYMPUT("htmlds",TRIM(dsname)); dsname="&prefix" || '.GIF'; CALL SYMPUT("gifds",TRIM(dsname)); %END; %IF &timepd='W' | &timepd=W | &timepd=w %THEN %DO; IF WEEKDAY(_rptdate) = 7 THEN date=rptdate-6 ELSE date=_rptdate-WEEKDAY(_rptdate)-6; dsname="&prefix" || '.W' || PUT(date,YYMMDD6.) || '.HTML'; CALL SYMPUT("htmlds",TRIM(dsname)); dsname="&prefix" || '.W' || PUT(date,YYMMDD6.) || '.GIF'; CALL SYMPUT("gifds",TRIM(dsname)); %END; RUN; %IF &disp='NEW' | &disp=NEW | &disp=new %THEN %DO; %delds; FILENAME sasrpt "'&htmlds'" DSNTYPE=LIBRARY DSORG=PO RECFM=VB LRECL=512 BLKSIZE=0 SPACE=(CYL,(1,1,15)) DISP=(NEW,CATLG,DELETE); FILENAME sasgif "'&gifds'" DSNTYPE=LIBRARY DSORG=PO RECFM=VB LRECL=512 BLKSIZE=0 SPACE=(CYL,(1,1,15)) DISP=(NEW,CATLG,DELETE); %END; %ELSE %DO; FILENAME sasrpt "'&htmlds'" DISP=OLD WAIT=60; FILENAME sasgif "'&gifds'" DISP=OLD WAIT=60; %END; %MEND dsalloc;

5. Deleting PDSE Datasets %MACRO delds; %* Delete HTML and GIF Dataset libraries if they exist from prior run.; %IF %SYSFUNC(FILEEXIST(&htmlds)) %THEN %DO; FILENAME sasrpt "&htmlds" DISP=(OLD,DELETE) WAIT=60; FILENAME sasrpt CLEAR; %end; %IF %SYSFUNC(FILEEXIST(&gifds)) %THEN %DO; FILENAME sasgif "&gifds" DISP=(OLD,DELETE) WAIT=60; FILENAME sasgif CLEAR; %END; %MEND delds;

6. ODS (Output Delivery System) Provides enhanced formatting capability for SAS output Part of SAS base Version 7 and earlier was all printer oriented Started in SAS version 8 Build Web output (HTML, Java, etc.)

7. Setting Up ODS for PDSE & GIF %MACRO odshtml (report=,graph=,label=,title=HTML); ODS HTML BODY="&report" (URL="'&htmlds(&report)'") CONTENTS="&report.C" (URL="'&htmlds(&report.C)'") FRAME="&report.F" (URL="'&htmlds(&report.F)'" TITLE="&label") PATH=sasrpt %IF &graph=YES | &graph=Y | &graph=y | &graph=yes %THEN GPATH=sasgif (URL="'&gifds(&report)'"); ANCHOR='ANCHOR' RECORD_SEPERATOR=NONE %LET title=%UPCASE(&title); %IF &title=GRAPH %THEN GTITLE; %ELSE NOGTITLE; STYLE=styles.test; ODS LISTING CLOSE; ODS PROCLABEL " &label "; %MEND odshtml;

8. Style Templates Define the style (look) of the output Handful of predefined Styles Not well documented PROC TEMPLATE used to create/modify styles http://support.sas.com/rnd/base/topics/templateFAQ/ Template.html http://support.sas.com/rnd/base/topics/templateFAQ/ Template.html Output Delivery System: The Basics, Lauren E. Haworth, SAS Publishing, 2001 Instant ODS: Style Templates for the SAS Output Delivery System, Bernadette Johnson, SAS Publishing, 2003 Web Development with SAS by Example, Frederick E. Pratter, SAS Publishing, 2003

9. Graphics Options %MACRO gopts (x=1000,y=620); %* Establish std. Humana GOPTIONS.; GOPTIONS RESET=ALL; GOPTIONS DEVICE=GIF NOCHARACTERS GUNIT=PT AUTOSIZE=OFF BORDER CTEXT = BLUE CBACK = WHITE XPIXELS=&x YPIXELS=&y HTEXT = 10 HTITLE = 16 COLORS=(BLACK RED GREEN BLUE PURPLE VIOLET ORANGE YELLOW PINK CYAN MAGENTA BROWN GOLD LIME GRAY LILAC MAROON SALMON TAN CREAM LTGRAY VILG /*vivid yellow green*/ VIG /*vivid green*/ STR /*strong red*/ MOOL /*moderate olive*/ VIB /*vivid blue*/ BIP /*brilliant purple*/ VIY /*vivid yellow*/ VIBG /*vivid bluish green*/ BIV /*brilliant violet*/ VIYPK /*vivid yellowish pink*/ VIRO); /*vivid reddish orange*/ %MEND gopts;

10. Generating a Graph ODS LISTING CLOSE; %gopts; %odshtml (report=MSULP,graph=y,label=MSU Usage,title=GRAPH); TITLE1 COLOR=BLUE HEIGHT=14 'MSU Usage'; TITLE2 COLOR=BLUE HEIGHT=11 "&daydate"; FOOTNOTE1 JUSTIFY=LEFT COLOR=BLUE HEIGHT=8 FONT=SWISS 'Source: SMF/MICS DETAIL2.HARCPUnn Data'; SYMBOL1 COLOR=MAGENTA INTERPOL=JOIN HEIGHT=5 VALUE=DOT; SYMBOL2 COLOR=GREEN INTERPOL=JOIN HEIGHT=5 VALUE=DIAMOND; SYMBOL3 COLOR=ORANGE INTERPOL=JOIN WIDTH=2 VALUE=NONE; SYMBOL4 COLOR=RED INTERPOL=JOIN WIDTH=3 VALUE=NONE; AXIS1 LABEL=(ANGLE=90 HEIGHT=12 FONT=SWISSB 'MSU Consumption') VALUE=(FONT=SWISS HEIGHT=9); AXIS2 ORDER=('00:00:00'T TO '24:00:00'T BY '01:00:00'T) VALUE=(ANGLE=90 FONT=SWISS HEIGHT=9) LABEL=(FONT=SWISSB HEIGHT=12 'Time of Day'); LEGEND1 FRAME CBORDER=BLUE LABEL=NONE VALUE=(HEIGHT=8 FONT=SWISSB); PROC GPLOT DATA=lpar; PLOT (lparlac lparused lpardef lparmsu)*time / NAME='MSULP' DES='#BYVAL(lparname)' OVERLAY HAXIS=AXIS2 VAXIS=AXIS1 HMINOR=3 VMINOR=9 VZERO AUTOVREF LVREF=1 CVREF=BLUE CAXIS=BLUE CTEXT=BLUE LEGEND=LEGEND1; BY lparname; RUN; QUIT; ODS HTML CLOSE; ODS LISTING; /* fix stuff */ %fixhtml (report=MSULP); %bnote (report=MSULP,program=TSTGRAPH,title=MSU Usage Graphs);

11. Graphics Web Page 1 http://mvs.humana.com/MVSDS/'RSR1413.CPCMXG2.HTML(MSULPF)'

12. Graphics Web Page 2

13. SAS Generates Bad HTML for PDSE! Patricia Wingfield’s paper presents a fix, code to scan and correct the error.

14. Colors GIF defaults to Black, Red, Green, Blue, Cyan, Magenta, Gray, Pink, Orange, Brown, White Broad spectrum of colors available Specify the ones you want in GOPTIONS http://support.sas.com/onlinedoc/913/getDoc/en/grap href.hlp/colors-specify-color.htm http://support.sas.com/onlinedoc/913/getDoc/en/grap href.hlp/colors-specify-color.htm http://ftp.sas.com/techsup/download/sample/graph/ot her-colors.html http://ftp.sas.com/techsup/download/sample/graph/ot her-colors.html Program to display a palette of colors - FULLPALT Autolib member COLORMAC – Macros to custom define colors

15. FULLPALT - Output 16 pages of output, PC SAS

16. COLORMAC - Color Definition Macros Define custom colors Macro is in SAS Autolib Contains many macros to help define colors One line of source code is > 72 characters Use the following code to load it: %LET OPT_S2= %SYSFUNC(GETOPTION(S2)); /* GET CURRENT S2= OPTION */ OPTIONS S2=0; /* RESET TO ZERO */ %INCLUDE 'SAS.AUTOLIB(COLORMAC)'; OPTIONS S2=&OPT_S2; /* RESTORE OPTION */ /* now you can invoke macros from COLORMAC member */ Thanks to Scott Barry – SBBWorks, Inc.

17. Heat Chart! Visualization of Performance Data – James Holtman, CMG2005 Used without permission

18. How Do You Make a Heat Chart? 8 months of research and trial and error Not a lot of documentation available Weather temperature maps Started with PROC GCONTOUR Doesn’t work right SAS problem Tips and Tricks: Using SAS/Graph Effectively A. Darrell Massengill, SAS http://www2.sas.com/proceedings/sugi30/090-30.pdf http://support.sas.com/rnd/papers/sugi30/sasgraph_src.zip - source code for graphs in paper http://support.sas.com/rnd/papers/sugi30/sasgraph_src.zip

19. Temperature Map

20. GCONTOUR Sample PROC GCONTOUR example 4.

21. Inspiration!

22. Spectrum.sas Output

23. Determining Heat Range Colors

24. Heat Range Colors GOPTIONS DEV=gif COLORS=(BWH /*bluish white*/ VPAB /*very pale blue*/ VLIB /*very light blue*/ LIB /*light blue*/ STB /*strong blue*/ PALG /*pale yellow green*/ LILG /*light yellow green*/ BILG /*brilliant yellow green*/ VILG /*vivid yellow green*/ GREEN %cns (light yellow) GOLD %cns (yellowish orange) ORANGE %cns (reddish orange) LIYPK /*Light yellowish pink*/ STYPK /*strong yellowish pink*/ VIYPK /*vivid yellowish pink*/ RED STR /*strong red*/ WHITE BLACK); The %cns macro is defined in the COLORMAC macro definitions. The best usage documentation is inside COLORMAC.

25. z/Series CPU Usage Heat Charts

26. Building Heat Charts Customized ranges for each chart requires a separate invocation of PROC GPLOT for each chart. Build a macro to generate heat charts, customizing the axis's and legend (ranges) Using PROC GPLOT Assume each range is a separate line Plotting 20 lines maximum No connecting line between points

27. Code 1 Determine level PROC SUMMARY DATA=cpusage; VAR hwmsu; BY sysname; OUTPUT MAX(hwmsu)=maxhwmsu OUT=maxmsu; DATA cpusage2; MERGE cpusage maxmsu; BY sysname; level=INT(usedmsu/(maxhwmsu/20))+1; incr=maxhwmsu/20; *level=INT(usedmsu/ROUND(maxhwmsu/20))+1; IF level=21 THEN level=20;

28. Code 2 Graphics Setup FOOTNOTE1 JUSTIFY=LEFT COLOR=BLUE HEIGHT=8 FONT=SWISS 'Source: SMF/MICS DETAIL2.HARCPU99/WLMSEC99 Data'; AXIS1 LABEL=(HEIGHT=12 FONT=SWISSB 'Time of Day') ORDER=('00:00:00'T TO '24:00:00'T BY '1:00:00'T) MINOR=(NUMBER=3 COLOR=BLUE) MAJOR=(COLOR=BLUE) VALUE=(ANGLE=90 FONT=SWISS HEIGHT=9); AXIS2 VALUE=(FONT=SWISS HEIGHT=8) MAJOR=(COLOR=BLUE) ORDER=("&sdate"D TO "&edate"D) MINOR=NONE LABEL=(ANGLE=90 HEIGHT=12 FONT=SWISSB 'Date'); TITLE1 COLOR=BLUE HEIGHT=16 FONT=SWISSB 'Monthly Plot of MSU Usage'; TITLE2 COLOR=BLUE HEIGHT=14 FONT=SWISSB "For the Month of &month &year"; SYMBOL1 INTERPOL=NONE VALUE=U FONT=MARKER H=8.5; %MACRO lgnd; %DO i=1 %TO 20; &&lval&i %END; %MEND lgnd;

29. Code 3 %MACRO heat (system=); DATA plot2; SET cpusage2 END=eof; IF sysname=:"&system" THEN OUTPUT; IF eof THEN DO; date="&edate"D; time=.; sysname="&system"; DO level = 1 to 20; OUTPUT; END; DATA _NULL_; SET plot2; BY date; IF onetime THEN DO; RETAIN onetime 1; onetime=0; CALL SYMPUT('maxmsu',PUT(maxhwmsu,6.)); CALL SYMPUT('sysname',PUT(sysname,$4.)); incr=maxhwmsu/20; DO i = 1 to 20; CALL SYMPUT('lval'||LEFT(i), "'"||'< '||TRIM(LEFT(PUT(ROUND(i*incr),COMMA6.)))||"'"); END; RUN; Build Chart Macro

30. Code 4 LEGEND1 FRAME CBORDER=BLUE VALUE=(HEIGHT=9 FONT=SWISS %lgnd) LABEL=(HEIGHT=9 FONT=SWISSB 'Used HW MSUs'); TITLE3 COLOR=BLUE HEIGHT=12 FONT=SWISSB "&sysname"; %LET days=%SYSEVALF("&edate"D-"&sdate"D+1); %LET note=1; %IF &days<31 & &maxmsu<1000 %THEN %DO; %LET loop=%SYSEVALF(31-&days); %DO i=1 %TO &loop; %LET note=%EVAL(&note+1); FOOTNOTE&note FONT=SWISS HEIGHT=9 ' '; %END; %IF &days 1000 %THEN %DO; %LET loop=%SYSEVALF(30-&days); %DO i=1 %TO &loop; %LET note=%EVAL(&note+1); FOOTNOTE&note FONT=SWISS HEIGHT=9 ' '; %END;

31. Code 5 PROC GPLOT DATA=plot2; PLOT date*time=level / SKIPMISS AUTOVREF VZERO NAME='MHEAT' DES="&sysname" /*DES='#BYVAL(sysname)'*/ HAXIS=AXIS1 VAXIS=AXIS2 LVREF=1 CVREF=WHITE CAXIS=BLUE CTEXT=BLUE LEGEND=LEGEND1; RUN;QUIT; %IF &note>1 %THEN %DO; FOOTNOTE2; /*Remove extra footnotes */ %END; %MEND heat;

32. Code 6 ODS LISTING CLOSE; /* SYSA */ %heat (system=SYSA); /* SYSD */ ODS PROCLABEL=' '; %heat (system=SYSD); /* SYSF */ ODS PROCLABEL=' '; %heat (system=SYSF); /* SYSI */ ODS PROCLABEL=' '; %heat (system=SYSI); /* SYSS */ ODS PROCLABEL=' '; %heat (system=SYSS); /*wrap up*/ ODS HTML CLOSE; ODS LISTING; %fixhtml (report=MHEAT); %bnote (report=MHEAT,program=MHEAT); Invoke macro for each chart

33. Monthly LPAR MSU Usage

34. Monthly CPC MSU Usage 1

35. Monthly CPC MSU Usage 2

36. Month to Date Views

37. Busy Disks 1

38. Busy Disks 2

39. Busy Disks 3

40. Disk Code 1 drive= devaddr || '-' || volser;.... PROC SORT DATA=dvamax; BY sysname drive; DATA dvamax; RETAIN ricknum; SET dvamax; BY sysname drive; IF FIRST.sysname THEN ricknum=0; ricknum+1;.... %MACRO value; %DO i=1 %TO &tot; &&val&i %END; %MEND value;....

41. Disk Code 2 DATA _NULL_; SET plot2 END=eof; BY ricknum; IF onetime THEN DO; RETAIN onetime 1; onetime=0; CALL SYMPUT('sysname',PUT(sysname,$4.)); incr=maxsscrt/20; DO i = 1 to 20; CALL SYMPUT('lval'||LEFT(i), "'"||'< '||TRIM(LEFT(PUT(ROUND(i*incr),COMMA6.)))||"'"); END; IF FIRST.ricknum THEN CALL SYMPUT('val'||LEFT(ricknum),"'"||TRIM(LEFT(drive))||"'"); IF eof THEN DO; CALL SYMPUT('tot',LEFT(ricknum)); END; RUN;....

42. Disk Code 3 LEGEND1 FRAME CBORDER=BLUE VALUE=(HEIGHT=9 FONT=SWISS %lgnd) LABEL=(HEIGHT=9 FONT=SWISSB 'Start IOs per Second'); AXIS2 VALUE=(FONT=SWISS HEIGHT=8 %value) ORDER=(1 TO &tot BY 1) MINOR=NONE MAJOR=(COLOR=BLUE) LABEL=(ANGLE=90 HEIGHT=10 FONT=SWISSB 'Disk Drive');.... Similar PROC GPLOT code goes here

43. Workload Utilization - Traditional

44. Workload Utilization - Better

45. X Axis code %MACRO xaxis; %DO i=1 %TO 124; &&laxis&i %END; %MEND xaxis; DATA _NULL_; DO i = 1 to 124; IF MOD(i,4) = 0 THEN DO; q=i/4; IF q>24 THEN q=q-24; CALL SYMPUT('laxis‘ || LEFT(i),"'“ || TRIM(LEFT(PUT(q,2.))) || "'"); END; ELSE CALL SYMPUT('laxis‘ || LEFT(i),"'“ || ' ‘ || "'"); END; AXIS2 ORDER=("&begxg"DT TO "&endx"DT BY '00:15:00'T) LABEL=(HEIGHT=10 FONT=SWISSB 'Time of Day') VALUE=(HEIGHT=7 FONT=SWISS %xaxis);

46. Workload Utilization – Heat Chart

47. Next Steps Templates Migration to HFS Keep refining heat range colors & ranges Monthly & MTD views of various applications WLM classes CICS & DB2 transaction volumes Daily – top 30 Transactions Monthly & MTD usage patterns Response time? Temp/workspace usage? Develop Crystal Reports code to do same for Wintel Servers

48. Thanks! Patricia Wingfield Scott Barry Al Sherkow James Holtman Various SAS support people

49. Contact info Richard S. Ralston RRalston@humana.com Cyclotourist@bellsouth.net