1. Gram Negatives 3: Enterics and other Facultative Anaerobes Includes:Escherichia ProteusVibrio Enterobacter SerratiaPasteurella KlebsiellaHemophilus SalmonellaBordetella Yersinia

2. Family Enterobacteriaceae – “the enterics” Assoc with GI tracts of animals Identified by slight biochemical differences –IMViC, TSI, MAC, EMB All small, fac. an. bacilli Major nosocomial agent of septicemia, UTI’s, and intestinal infections “non-path enterics” = EC,KP,EA,PV,SM “path enterics” = Salmonella, Yersinia, Shigella

3. Escherichia “workhorse” of biotech lab 10 7 -10 8 per gr fecal matter Intestinal disease agent: –Gastroenteritis –5 groups of path strains –Endotoxin and exotoxins Extra-intestinal disease agent: –Community acquired UTI –Nosocomial (25%) –Neonatal meningitis & septicemia

4. Salmonella Inhabit GI tract poultry/cattle Transmitted via fecal-oral route Extremely hardy! Serovars and biovars Disease states: –Gastroenteritis –Enteric (typhoid) fever –Bacteremia (chronic carrier) Assoc with eggs/foods made with eggs

5. Yersinia c.a. of bubonic/black plague 3 large epidemics Rat reservoir/flea vector or via infected tissue of rabbits/rodents Bac migrate/accumulate in lymph nodes -> buboes! Can be transmitted via aerosol

6. Vibrio Slightly curved; fresh/marine c.a. of cholera (V. cholerae) Secrete choleragen exotoxin Loss of up to 1 L per hour Mortality >50% untreated (<1% with treatment) V. parahemolyticus in VA From raw/undercooked seafood

7. Haemophilus Encapsulated strains are pathogenic H. influenza produces 2º infection of sinus membrane Leads to: –Bac meningitis –Pneumonia –Bronchitis –Otitis media Hib vaccine – 3 doses over 2 month intervals –Greatly reduced meningitis cases

8. Bordetella c.a. of whooping cough (pertussis) Most cases occur in infants; can be fatal Mild -> progresses to severe Immunization @ 2-3 months; short- lived protection (up to 7 yrs) DTaP vaccine –Diptheria toxoid –Tetanus toxoid –Acellular pertussis antigens