1. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 1 Adding Text and Formatting Text with CSS Styles

2. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 2 Adding Text and Formatting Text with CSS Styles In this tutorial, you will: –Type text into a page –Copy text from a document and paste it into a page –Check for spelling errors –Create hyperlinks –Examine HTML tags for hyperlinks

3. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 3 Adding Text and Formatting Text with CSS Styles In this tutorial, you will (cont’d): –Explore CSS styles and style sheets –Modify HTML tags –Create custom style classes –Create styles for the tag selectors

4. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 4 Adding Text and Formatting Text with CSS Styles In this tutorial, you will (cont’d): –Create an external style sheet –Attach an external style sheet to a Web page –Edit styles –Delete styles –Examine the code for styles and style sheets –Examine HTML tags used to format text

5. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 5 Adding Text to a Web Page Text is very important to your Web page and should be error free and clear. You can add small amounts of text by typing in the Dreamweaver work area of the Document window. You can add larger amounts of text by cutting and pasting from another program such as a word processor that does a better job of clearing errors. Dreamweaver also has a built in spell checker.

6. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 6 Adding Text to a Web Page Text Copied from the Bands Document

7. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 7 Adding Text to a Web Page Spell Checking the Bands Page

8. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 8 Formatting Text Using the Property Inspector The simplest way to format text is to select the text in the Document window and set the attributes for the text in the Property inspector. Text formatting attributes included in the Property inspector: –Format, font, style, size, color, emphasis, alignment, lists, and indents

9. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 9 Formatting Text Using the Property Inspector Formatted Page and Band Names

10. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 10 Creating Text Hyperlinks Hyperlinks allow you to navigate between pages in a Web site and to other Web sites. Once the hyperlinks are created, you will copy the links to the rest of the pages in the site. To add more than one space between words you will need to use a nonbreaking space, which are special, invisible characters used to create more than one space between text and other elements.

11. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 11 Creating Text Hyperlinks Link Text Typed in the Bands Page Fig. 3-8

12. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 12 Creating Text Hyperlinks When your links are in place and formatted, you can then convert them to hyperlinks by using the Properties inspector to associate the text with a particular file or Web page. If you know it, you can also type the URL into the Link text box. Within your Web site, you will use document relative links which only specify the path from the current page.

13. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 13 Creating Text Hyperlinks Site root relative links specify a path from the root folder to the linked document. –Used on more complex sites When you link to a page in another site, you will use an absolute link which includes the entire URL. When you copy the navigation system to other pages of the site, you will not have to create additional links.

14. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 14 Creating Text Hyperlinks Select File Dialog Box

15. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 15 Creating Text Hyperlinks Label Text Converted to a Hyperlink

16. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 16 Creating Text Hyperlinks Creating a Hyperlink Using the Point to File Button

17. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 17 Exploring HTML Tags for Hyperlinks HTML tags come in pairs surrounding the text: Some text Tags can be used together, or nested: Some text Tags can also contain attributes within the opening tag: Some Text Reference sites for HTML tags include: webmonkey.wired.com/webmonkey and www.w3.org

18. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 18 Exploring HTML Tags for Hyperlinks Hyperlinks are created in HTML using an anchor tag: Link Text Absolute, document relative, and site root relative links have different paths of information in the hypertext reference (“href”) attribute.

19. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 19 Exploring HTML Tags for Hyperlinks Anchor Tags for Absolute and Relative Links

20. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 20 Exploring HTML Tags for Hyperlinks The target attribute specifies where the link opens- in the current browser window or a new browser window. The default is for the new page to be opened in the current browser window, replacing the page from which you linked.

21. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 21 Exploring HTML Tags for Hyperlinks You can also specify the Name attribute in an anchor link, associating a name to a specific named location within a Web page: Some Text “anchor_name” is your name for the anchor “Some Text” is the text being named as the anchor

22. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 22 Exploring HTML Tags for Hyperlinks This type of name is used to do things like jump from the end of a page back to the top, or to skip around on a page. The format for the anchor tag to link to a named anchor on the same page is: Link Text To link to a named anchor on another page: Link Text

23. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 23 Exploring HTML Tags for Hyperlinks Anchor Tag in the Bands Page

24. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 24 Understanding Cascading Style Sheets Because of the limitations of HTML styles, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) were created. A CSS style is a rule that defines how an element appears either through modifying an HTML style or setting up a custom one. CSS styles define text appearance, position, and many other aspects of Web page layout.

25. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 25 Understanding Cascading Style Sheets A CSS style can be defined in one place and used to modify text in many places. Unlike HTML styles, if you change a CSS style, all text using that style is also changed. CSS styles were developed with HTML 4 and therefore are not fully compatible with older browsers.

26. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 26 Creating CSS Styles When you create a CSS style, you will choose: –Type: there are three choices: Redefined HTML tag: where you modify an existing tag Custom style: where you create an entirely new style Advanced style: used to redefine formatting for a group of tags or for all tags that contain a particular ID attribute –Name/Tag/Selector: the name for whatever type of style you selected above –Define in: internal or external style sheet

27. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 27 Understanding Cascading Style Sheets Then choose the attributes for the CSS style: –Type: font tag attributes such as font, size, color, etc. –Background: a color or image appearing behind a page element over the Web page background. –Block: spacing and alignment settings for tags and attributes. –Box: controls the characteristics of the selection box that surrounds text elements. –Border: dimensions, color and line styles of the box that surrounds text elements. –List: format of bullets and bulleted lists. –Positioning: controls the placement of text on the screen. –Extensions: controls printing page breaks, pointer appearance as it hovers over objects and special affects. This is not supported in many browsers.

28. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 28 Modifying HTML Tags The easiest way to create a CSS style is to redefine an existing HTML tag because tags often are automatically inserted. Dreamweaver provides a list of available tags where you can edit existing attributes or add new ones. When you modify the attributes associated with a tag, the changes you make will apply to every instance of that tag.

29. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 29 Modifying HTML Tags CSS Styles Panel

30. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 30 Modifying HTML Tags New CSS Rule Dialog Box

31. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 31 Modifying HTML Tags CSS Rule Definition for h2 Dialog Box

32. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 32 Creating and Applying Custom Style Classes You can also create new custom style classes A custom style class name should begin with a period (.) and contain no spaces or special characters. Once you create a custom style class, you must apply it to the text you want to format.

33. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 33 Creating and Applying Custom Style Classes You apply a style to selected text by selecting the style from the Style list in the Property inspector. To help you remember what a style looks like, each style name in the Style list in the Property inspector is formatted with the attributes for that style.

34. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 34 Using the Advanced CSS Type to Customize Anchor Tag Pseudoclasses You can create CSS styles manually using the advanced style. When you create an advanced style, you redefine the formatting for a group of tags or for tags containing a specific ID attribute. You will create a CSS style (or rule) for each part, or pseudoclass, of the tag.

35. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 35 Using the Advanced CSS Type to Customize Anchor Tag Pseudoclasses A pseudoclass is any class that is applied to entities other than HTML Specifications Standard tags. The anchor tag is broken into four parts (pseudoclasses): –a:link –a:hover –a:active –a:visited

36. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 36 Using External Style Sheets Applying CSS across a Web site requires the creation of an external style sheet. Using an external style sheet enables you to make site-wide stylistic changes by updating one file. You can either create the styles in the external style sheet, or export them to it if they are already created.

37. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 37 Using External Style Sheets External Style Sheet Displayed in the Files Panel

38. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 38 Using External Style Sheets Once you have created an external style sheet, you must delete the styles from within the document in order to avoid duplicates and confusion. To attach an external style sheet to a Web page, you must open the page in the Document window, click the Attach Style Sheet button in the CSS Styles panel, and then choose the desired style sheet. You can add new styles to an external style sheet at any time

39. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 39 Using External Style Sheets Attach External Style Sheet Dialog Box

40. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 40 Examining Code for CSS Styles As CSS styles are added, Dreamweaver adds information to the head of a Web page between the head tags. When you attach an external style sheet to a Web page, a link tag is placed in the head portion of the HTML code for that page. When you use an internal or embedded style sheet, the styles are embedded in the head tag for that Web page.

41. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 41 Examining Code for CSS Styles Embedded code will usually look like this: <! - - name { attribute-name: attribute value; attribute2-name: attribute2 value; } - - > where name is the style name, the HTML tag name, or the tag and pseudoclass name

42. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 42 Examining Code for CSS Styles Style definitions appear inside the style tags: style definitions Where type indicates the style format that follows The comment tag is nested within the style tag: Comment tags are used to hide the style definitions from older browsers

43. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 43 Examining Code for CSS Styles The format for the style definition is: name { attribute-name: attribute value; attribute2-name: attribute2 value; } The style name indicates whether it is a custom style, a redefined tag, or an advanced style tag. –. Name: custom style –Tag name: redefined tag –Tag name followed by a colon and the pseudoclass: advanced style

44. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 44 Examining Code for CSS Styles An external style sheet can be used whenever the Web page contains a link to it in its head and the styles are located in the style sheet. The general format for link tags is: Link identifies the type of tag Rel= indicates relationship between the link and the page Href= is the URL of the linked document Type= is the form of the content that will follow

45. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 45 Examining Code for CSS Styles Code for the External Style Sheet in the Bands Page

46. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 46 Viewing Style Tags When you select text and apply a custom style class, HTML code is added in one of three ways: –Adding attributes to an existing tag: if the text already has attributes, the new attributes are added. –Applying a custom style class to a block of text: when there were no attributes, the entire block is surrounded with the div tag and the custom style attributes. –Applying a custom style class to a text selection: when the selection is less than a block of text, the selection is surrounded by the span tag with the custom attributes.

47. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 47 Editing CSS Styles When you edit a style, the changes are applied automatically across the Web site wherever that style was used. You can control the look and consistency of the entire Web site from one centralized set of specifications.

48. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 48 Editing CSS Styles You can manage and edit your styles using: –CSS Rule Definition dialog box –Properties pane in the CSS Styles panel –Property inspector

49. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 49 Exploring HTML Tags Used with Text Several HTML tags are used with text. When you create Web pages in Design view, Dreamweaver places the appropriate HTML tags around the text for you. To see the HTML tags, you need to switch to either Code view or Split view.

50. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 50 Exploring HTML Tags Used with Text Reference Panel for Selected HTML Paragraph Tag

51. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 51 Exploring HTML Tags Used with Text It is not a good idea to add CSS styles to Web sites created in an older version of HTML. You can modify these pages in a number of ways: –Creating the code manually in Code view –Set preferences so Dreamweaver uses only HTML tags to format pages –Select text and use the Font Tag Editor to edit selected text with font tags

52. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 52 Exploring HTML Tags Used with Text The attributes and process for formatting text using the HTML font tag are not the same as the ones for formatting text using CSS styles. The attributes for text formatting are similar to those in a word processing program, except HTML tags are added in the background of formatted text. Text formatting attributes include format, font, font size, font color, emphasis, alignment, lists, and indents.

53. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 53 Updating a Web Site on a Remote Server When pages are changed, they should be updated on your remote server. To update: –Connect to the remote server using the Connects to Remote Host button on the Files panel toolbar –Click the View list arrow, and then click Local View. –Select updated files and then click the Put File(s) button –Click the View list arrow, and then click Remote View –Disconnect from remote host using the Files panel toolbar

54. XP Dreamweaver 8.0 Tutorial 3 54 Tutorial Summary You should now be able to: –Add text to a Web Page –Create and format font and text links –Read and write underlying HTML code for text formatting –Create and edit HTML styles and Cascading Style Sheets –Export CSS styles to an external style sheet –Update the Web site on the remote Web server