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Cells & Organelles.

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Presentation on theme: "Cells & Organelles."— Presentation transcript:

1 Cells & Organelles

2 Cells Smallest unit of life Made up of ORGANELLES
separate part of the cell with a unique function Two types Plant Cell Animal Cell

3 Essential Functions Cells have 5 Essential Functions Structure
Transportation Information Storage & Command Production Energy All organelles fall into ONE OR MORE of these categories

4 Nucleus Function Manages cell organelles
Contains the cell’s genetic information Features: Nucleolus makes ribosomes Found inside the nucleus

5 Nucleus Features cont.: Nuclear membrane
Separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell.

6 Cytoplasm Functions: Allows chemical reactions
Supports organelles (like pieces of fruit in jelly) Features: Jelly-like 70-90% water

7 Cytoskeleton *a network of protein fibers Functions:
Gives strength, support & shape to the cell Provides movement for objects inside cell Features: Can be dis- and reassembled to change shape of cell Acts like a monorail system for transport using “motor proteins.”

8 Mitochondria Function:
the center of cell respiration/energy processing Converts glucose (sugar) from food to useable form of energy called ATP. ATP is used by cells to do work. Features: double membranes own DNA

9 Cell Membrane Function: Controls what enters/exits the cell Features:
found around outside of cell Selectively permeable: only allows certain substances in and out of cell.

10 Cell Membrane Feature cont.: made of a phospholipid bilayer
Swap a phosphate for one fatty acid in a triglyceride Hydrophilic phosphate faces the water Hydrophobic tails gather together away from water

11 Organelles Some organelles are part of a system of PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (to put together) Assembly Transport Storage

12 Rough ER Function: Specializes in making proteins and transporting them Features: Long membrane “channels” Attached to nuclear membrane. Does have ribosomes attached

13 Ribosomes Function: make proteins for the cell to use Features:
Some floating free in the cytoplasm Some attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

14 Smooth ER Function: transport and communication
Synthesis of fats & carbohydrates Features: No ribosomes attached has tubes and canals.

15 Golgi Apparatus Function: Makes membranes
creates some products for secretion packages proteins for storage and/or shipment Features: Looks like stacks of pancakes Many layers of membranes

16 Vesicles Function: Carry finished products to interior or exterior of cell. Feature: Membranes formed from Golgi or Cell Membrane

17 Lysosome Function: Digest worn out organelles & foreign particles
Destroy bacteria Remove toxic wastes Features: Contain digestive enzymes About 40 types

18 Cell Wall Function: Provides rigid support and structure to plant cells Features: Found outside the cell membrane Made mostly of carbohydrates

19 Chloroplast Function:
convert light energy into food (sugars and starches) Features: Contain pigments (like chlorophyll) that help capture light energy Have own DNA

20 Animal Cell Plant Cell

21 Practice What are the 5 essential functions of a cell?
List 2 organelles that could fall into each category.


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