1. Managing Access and Purchase

2. Objectives Examine issues of sustainability, costs and resourcing Examine consortia building issues Evaluate possible consortia approaches

3. Current situation Continuous price rises of scientific information Continuous library budget stagnation or cuts Exponential growth in the production in new scientific information and knowledge Rapid technological advances

4. Long-term access and purchase Electronic resources cost money Discounts and development funding subsidise these costs Will the discounts and funding always be available? Are the interests of publishers and libraries compatible?

5. Possible solutions Secure increased funding Manage demand (cut demand?) Maximise leverage of existing funds Maximise effectiveness of existing resources Consortia

6. Secure increased funding Demonstrate demand, usage, and effectiveness Outcomes of access increased research, quality, etc. Implications of withdrawn access Efficiency of resource use Relationship with institutional strategy and additional criteria

7. Manage demand Cut demand for resources? Unlikely withdrawing titles is likely to be difficult Never a popular move

8. Maximise leverage of existing funds consortia building

9. Consortia building Consortia may be the answer Building consortia can increase individual librarys economic influence Electronic resources have changed the business model for publishers and so they have been more approachable to these areas But they do largely rely on the use of funds Development of philanthropic licensing and development funding

10. Consortia advantages Stronger position in negotiation Better prices More journals accessible Shared expertise »Hans Geleijnse »http://www.lib.helsinki.fi/finelib/geleijnse/index.htm

11. Consortia disadvantages Time consuming Difficult to share costs in a proper way Libraries have to pay for journals they dont need »Hans Geleijnse »http://www.lib.helsinki.fi/finelib/geleijnse/index.htm

12. Different kinds of consortia Local –A small number of institutions with specialist needs Regional –Institutions within a particular region work together National –Small countries (geographically or in terms of institutional numbers) International –Potential with many small countries (as defined above) Subject specific –Cooperation on single or related disciplines, national or international scope

13. Critical factors in successful consortia Make a legal entity Define decision making Funding arrangements should be understood and agreed by all parties Appropriate technical and information expertise Partnership »Based on presentation by Roland Dietz, Elsevier Science

14. Pricing models Electronic publishing is fundamentally different from traditional publishing Common pricing models for e-resources –FTE (full-time equivalent) discount model –Weighted FTE discount –Number of participating institutions –Print plus –Simultaneous users license

15. Steps to setting up consortia Define what the aims and objectives of the consortia are Establish the profile and membership Agree effective and reliable coordinators (institutional and individual) Agree terms of reference Agree the legal framework Agree costs and cost sharing

16. Activity areas Bylaws –Bylaws often indicate the legal status of the consortium, describe committee structures, and outline membership criteria Memoranda of Understanding –Outline the business relationships between the consortium and the member libraries, including the rights and responsibilities of membership Resource Sharing Agreements –Describe the "rules of the game" for one of the basic functions of many library consortia: sharing physical library resources Strategic Plans –Reflect the way a consortium sees itself

17. Case studies are available at Holland http://www.lib.helsinki.fi/finelib/geleijnse/index.htm India http://www.iiap.ernet.in/library/proc.html Turkey http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla66/papers/117-180e.htm Africa Standing Conference of African University Librarians Western Area (SCAULWA) due to release a report soon

18. Dutch university libraries Either a proposal of one of the libraries to start negotiations with a vendor or an initial offer from a vendor/publisher A small group starts negotiating The results will be presented to the libraries A minimum number should agree No governmental support Deals with individual vendors/publishers National licenses sort Set of guiding principles developed

19. Summary Electronic resources offer potential solutions to information shortages Sustainability of licensing fees and costs Consortia seem to pay off But significant effort has been put into some consortia and resulted in little Consortia need to be included in library sector long term strategies

20. Thank you Any questions?