1. 38th meeting of the PAC for Nuclear Physics
Results of three years of work accomplished at FLNR under the Seven-Year Plan for the Development of JINR (Status of the DRIBs-III project)
S. Dmitriev

2. FLNR’s BASIC DIRECTIONS of RESEARCH according to the Seven-Year Plan 2010 - 2016
1. Heavy and superheavy nuclei:
synthesis and study of properties of superheavy elements;
chemistry of new elements;
fusion-fission and multi-nucleon transfer reactions;
nuclear- , mass-, & laser-spectrometry of SH nuclei.
2. Light exotic nuclei:
properties and structure of light exotic nuclei;
reactions with exotic nuclei.
3. Radiation effects and physical groundwork of nanotechnology. 2

3. Project DRIBs-III (2010 – 2016)
(as it seemed in 2009)
The purpose of the project is expansion of a set of accelerated ions, both of stable, and radioactive isotopes, essential increase of intensity and quality of beams.
Realization of project DRIBs-III provides:
completion of modernization of cyclotrons U400 and U400М,
creation of a new experimental hall (2600 m2),
creation of new generation experimental set-ups,
creation of the high-intensity universal accelerator of heavy ions (A≤ 100, E ≤ 10 MeV ·A , I ≤ 10 pµA).
Required funds: 60,000,000 $.

4. The main achievements of the firs 3 years are:
According to recommendations of Nuclear Physics PACs, and decisions of the Scientific Council and CPP
(2010 – 2012)
The DRIBs-III project should be realized at simultaneous implementation of SHE research program.
The main achievements of the firs 3 years are:

5. Discovery of the 117th!
Данные, полученные в эксперименте по синтезу 117-го элемента с новой мишенью 249Bk на газонаполненном сепараторе ГНС, полностью подтверждают результаты 2010 года! В 2012 году получено 3 цепочки распада в 3n канале и 8 цепочек в 4n канале. На вставке в верхнем углу показана функция возбуждения для полной суммы событий, полученных в двух экспериментах.
Кроме этого, в эксперименте получена одна цепочка, соответствующая распаду 118 элемента, полученная в реакции на 249Cf, который является продуктом распада Bk.

6. The Festive Naming Ceremony of the new chemical elements Flerovium and Livermorium took place on 24 October 2012 in Moscow
IUPAC President Prof.
Kazuyuki Tatsumi
Международный коллоквиум, посвященный наименованию новых элементов с атомными номерами 114 и 116, состоялся в Москве 24 октября 2012 г.
William Goldstein (Livermore),
Yuri Oganessian (JINR) and
James Roberto (Oak Ridge)

7. D.I. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table of the Elements (2012)

8. Observation of the 2n-evaporation channel opens up perspectives of chemical investigation of the element 113

9. GAS PHASE CHEMISTRY WITH ELEMENT 113
Whether the element 113 is a volatile metal?
Experiment is running. Preliminary results – it is volatile.
Target (243Am; 1.0 mg/cm2)
SiO2-
800°C
He/Ar (70/30) Au
PIPS detectors 32 pairs
2.5m
2 L/min
Prof. Dmitriev S.N. "NRC7" August 2008

10. 2013 6 new heaviest elements 48 new isotopes 118 117 116 115 114 113
112
111
110
109
108
107
106
105
104
6 new heaviest
elements
48 new
isotopes
117
2013
Мы не были уверены, что изотопы гипотетических сверхтяжелых элементов с Z= и N= могут испытывать распад с T1/2 = s соответственно. И совсем не предполагали, что half-lives of Db isotopes with N= будет более 1d. 10

11. Heaviest target: 249Cf → Zmax= 118
What is beyond 118 element?
Heaviest target: 249Cf → Zmax= 118 ↓
Heavier projectiles (50Ti, 54Cr, 58Fe, 64Ni)
Heavier targets (251Cf, 254Es -???);
Symmetric reactions: 136Xe+136Xe, 136Xe+150Nd, 150Nd+150Nd;
Nucleon transfer reactions (136Xe+208Pb, 238U+248Cm).
Sufficient increasing of overall experiment efficiency is needed!

12. Studies of Exotic Nuclei in JINR
Breakdown of the N=8 shell in 10He.
S.I. Sidorchuk. A.A. Bezbakh, V. Chudoba et al., PRL 108 (2012)
10He was produced in the 2n-transfer reaction
with the use of the secondary 8He beam and
cryogenic tritium target: 3H(8He,p)10He.
Owing to specific angular and energy correlations of 10He decay products for the first time the spin-parity assignment was made for the low-lying states of 10He.
The experimental data were interpreted as a superposition of 0+, 1- and 2+ states.
The established level sequence shows that 10He is one more drip-line nucleus demonstrating the shell structure breakdown.
Shell structure breakdown in 10He заключается в том, что состояние 1-, соответствующее возбужденному нейтрону в 1s-оболочке, опускается по энергии по сравнению с «нормальными» ядрами, такими как 16О и 14С. Ранее подобное уменьшение энергетического зазора между 0p- и 1s-оболочками, наблюдалось для другого ядра с восьмью нейтронами, 12Be, также расположенного вблизи границы нуклонной стабильности.

13. Studies of Exotic Nuclei in JINR
Isovector Soft Dipole Mode in 6Be.
A.S. Fomichev. V. Chudoba, I.A. Egorova et al., PLB 708 (2012)
Spectrum of the unbound 6Be was produced in the charge-exchange reaction using the cryogenic hydrogen target: 1H(6Li, 6Be)n.
The data obtained provide detailed correlation information about the well-known 0+ ground state and the 2+ state.
A broad structure extending from 4 to 16 MeV was observed. It contains negative parity states populated by the L=1 angular momentum transfer. This continuum structure can be interpreted as a novel phenomenon: the isovector soft dipole mode associated with the 6Li ground state.

14. The DC-110 cyclotron: Special economical zone, Dubna, Russia
Mass production of track membranes with the thickness of  30 um
Ions of Ar, Kr and Xe
Ion energy of 2.5 MeV/u
Beam intensity of 1 pA (6x1012 s-1)
Two channels with irradiation chambers
Working hours 7000 h/year
The cyclotron should be simple and reliable, for routine use
The new accelerator has been launched in December 2012

15. Project DRIBs-III according to recommendations of
NPPACs, SCs and CPP (2010 – 2012)
completion of modernization of cyclotrons U400 and U400М
sharing of physical tasks between accelerators
Creation of SHE factory based on the high-intensity universal DC280 cyclotron (A≤ 238, E ≤ 10 MeV ·A , I ≤ 20 pµA) in a new separate experimental building
creation of new generation experimental set-ups
Total reconstruction of the U400 experimental hall, including 6 radiation safe experimental caves
Construction of a special building for physical groundwork of nanotechnology (1500 m2), based on IC100 and U400M.

16. Basic facilities and SHE-factory

17. stand-alone & post-accelerator
U400R CYCLOTRON
stand-alone & post-accelerator
U400R (expected)
Ion
Ion energy
[MeV/A]
Output intensity
6He
2.8  14
108
8He
1.6  8
105
7Li
2-17
1×1014
16O
6,4 -27
40Ar
1-5,1
6×1013
48Ca
1,6-11
1.5×1013
50Ti
4,1-21
6×1012
58Fe
1,2-7,5
84Kr
0,8-3,5
2×1012
132Xe
3×1012
238U
1,5- 8
5×1011
Fusion-fission;
Quasi-fission;
Nuclear spectroscopy;
New heavy isotopes;
Multi nucleon transfer reactions;
Sub-barrier fusion;
Reactions with exotic nuclei
Structure of light exotic nuclei; 17

18. stand-alone & driving accelerator
U400M CYCLOTRON
stand-alone & driving accelerator
U400M
E=30 ÷ 50 MeV/A
E=4.5 ÷ 9 MeV/A
Ion
Ion energy
[MeV/A]
Output intensity
7Li 35
6×1013
18O 33
1×1013
40Ar 40
1×1012
48Ca 5
6×1012
54Cr
3×1012
58Fe
124Sn
2×1011
136Xe
4×1011
238U 7
2×1010
Properties and structure of light exotic nuclei;
Astrophysics;
Reactions with exotic nuclei;
Light neutron-rich nuclei;
Deep inelastic scattering;
Producing of RIBs. 18

19. DC280 CYCLOTRON stand-alone SHE-factory
DC280 (expected)
E=4÷8 MeV/A
Ion
Ion energy
[MeV/A]
Output intensity
7Li 4
1×1014
18O 8
40Ar 5
6×1013
48Ca
0,6-1,2×1014
54Cr
2×1013
58Fe
1×1013
124Sn
2×1012
136Xe
238U 7
5×1010
Synthesis and study of properties of superheavy elements;
Search for new reactions for SHE-synthesis
Chemistry of new elements;
Manufacturing of the magnet has been started.

20. Instrumentation

21. New FLNR gas-filled separator PAC for NP 32nd Meeting, 17-18 June 2010
“physical”
“chemical”
Reaction
Transmission
244Pu(48Ca,3n)289114
60 %
244Pu(58Fe,4n)298120
75 %

22. Velocity filter for asymmetric combinations
VASSILISSA-GABRIELLA PAC for NP 31st Meeting, January 2010
High transmission for asymmetric combinations (beams of 12C, 14N,16O, 22Ne)
Availability for symmetric combinations (136Xe + 136Xe → 272Hs*)

23. Mass-spectrometer MASHA PAC for NP 31st Meeting, 25-26 January 2010

24. Fragment-separator ACCULINNA-2 PAC for NP 32nd Meeting, 17-18 June 2010
Manufacturing has been started

25. GALS: Setup for resonance laser ionization
of nuclear reaction products stopped in gas PAC for NP 35th Meeting, January 2012

26. High resolution magnetic double arm
spectrometer “MAVR”
Reaction study with primary and secondary beams

27. Workshop on Studies of Super-Heavy Nuclei at the SHE Factory
Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
March 12-13, 2013
Summary results
The Super-Heavy Element Factory will increase the overall production of super- heavy nuclei by two orders of magnitude with respect to presently achieved rates. This will enable the studies of nuclear /atomic structure of heaviest atoms and open the door to the discoveries of new elements above Z=118 and of isotopes closer to the predicted shell closure at N=184.
Enriched Isotopes from ORNL's HFIR/REDC are essential for research on super- heavy nuclei enabled by the SHE Factory.
The joint research between the collaborating laboratories within the SHE Factory project will result in advanced experimental capabilities. New developments include superconducting gas filled separator with gas catcher and mass analyzer system (ANL-TAMU) as well as new detector arrays and modern readout systems including digital signal processing (ORNL- UTK).
The roadmap for joint research at JINR Dubna in the pre-SHE factory time frame includes experiments aiming in the discovery of the heaviest isotopes of element 118 in the reaction between 48Ca and mixed-Cf targets produced at ORNL.
The extension of the current US-Russia collaboration (JINR, ORNL, LLNL, UTK, ANL, TAMU, RIAR, Vanderbilt) to other laboratories was welcomed. These new collaborating institutions include LBNL Berkeley and GSI Darmstadt (Germany).

28. Schedule of the SHE factory creation

29. Innovation projects in the Nanotechnology Centre
A new roll-to roll etching facility for the development of new track-etch membranes
Facilities for surface modification of nano-structured composite filmy materials
A diversified electron microscopy laboratory for performing the studies of micro- and nano-structured materials produced using ion beam modification methods
A diversified laboratory for the studies of ion-induced radiation effects in matter, including AFM, optical spectroscopy, IR Raman spectroscopy, luminescence, and others

30. Nano-laboratory building

31. Summary Proposals on Development, Resources, and Schedule Updates for the DRIBs–III Project
According to the Seven-Year Plan for the Development of JINR approved by the Committee of Plenipotentiaries of the Governments of the JINR Member States (CPP) in November of 2009, the DRIBs-III Project included the following:
Modernization of the currently operating U400 and U400M accelerators
Development of new physical experimental setups (separators, etc.)
Construction of a new Experimental Hall with a total area of 2,500 m2 to carry out experiments with beams of stable and exotic radioactive nuclei.
Development of a new high-current heavy-ion DC-200 accelerator with the intensity of the average-mass ions (48Cа) no lower than 5∙1013, i.e., around 10µA.
The Project Financing and Implementation Schedule approved in 2009 is presented in Table 1.

32. Tab1e 1. The DRIBs-III Financing and Implementation Schedule approved by the CPP in November of 2009 (USD, in thousands).
Tasks performed
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Modernization of the existing heavy-ion accelerators:
complete equipment with components and manufacture the U400R systems
2,000
installation, adjustment of systems, lauch of the U400R accelerator
1,000
Financial support for running experiments (7 M USD)
Construction of a new FLNR Experimental Hall: (13MUSD)
technical requirements, project
civil construction
5,000
gallery, beam lines
Development of experimental continuous-action devices and facilities: (15MUSD)
physical and chemical separators, systems of collection and transportation of nuclear reaction products, radiochemical laboratory of II class, etc.
3,000
Development of a high-intensity heavy-ion accelerator
(А  100, Е 8 MeVА, I  10 pμА): (22 MUSD)
manufacture
6,000
10,000
installation, beam lines, launch
Total
11,000
16,000
The total funding: USD 60 million, including USD 7 million to cover the expenses of ongoing experiments (USD 1 million per year).

33. Recently obtained results at the FLNR JINR on synthesis of new superheavy elements (SHE) are highly appreciated, and the FLNR JINR joint research in the specified areas between the FLNR JINR physicists and their longtime collaborators from the US, Germany, France, and Japan is acknowledged. In the course of the project's implementation, the CPP, taking into account the recommendations of PAC and the JINR Scientific Council, proposed:
to achieve the main project objectives while at the same time implement the scientific program on synthesis and investigation of the properties of SHE (earlier, the U400 cyclotron was planned to be shut down for 2-year-long upgrade in August 2010);
to construct the world's first Superheavy Element Factory (SHE Factory) at JINR, including:
a new high-current heavy-ion DC-280 accelerator with the beam intensity up to 20 рµА, А≤ 238 (earlier, a DC-200 accelerator with the beam intensity of 10 рµА, А≤ 100, was planned to be constructed);
a new Experimental Hall with a total area of 5,500 m2 for carrying out experiments with highly radioactive actinide targets in radiochemical laboratories laboratories of second class by the Radiation Safety Standards. Earlier, an Experimental Hall of third class with an area of 2,500 m2 was planned;

34. to upgrade the existing U400 and U400M accelerators to pursue world-class research and development programs in the three key areas of the heavy-ion physics at low and intermediate energies, in particular: synthesis of new SHE and the investigation of the properties of the already discovered SHE (SHE Factory) that will be carried out at the DC-280 cyclotron; nuclear physics experiments (spectroscopy, fusion-fission of heavy and superheavy nuclei, etc.) performed at the U400 accelerator; experiments with exotic radioactive nuclei (6,8Не, 11Li, etc.) carried out at the U400M accelerator;
to reconstruct the U400 Experimental Hall housing 6 radiation-shielded caves with a total area of 1,500 m2;
and
to construct a new FLNR JINR Experimental Hall (total of 1,500 m2) to conduct scientific research on the application of heavy-ion beams in nanotechnology.
However, the above-mentioned changes do not seem possible under the Seven-Year Plan for the Development of JINR ( ) without USD 30.1 million in additional DRIBs–III Project funding. Proposals on the adjustments to the DRIBs–III Project Financing and Implementation Schedule are summarized in Table 2.

35. Total for the 2010–2016 period: USD 90.1 million
Table 2.DRIBs–III Project Financing and Implementation Schedule updates for the years 2010–2016.
Tasks performed
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
  USD, in thousands
Upgrade of the currently operating heavy-ion accelerators:
complete equipment with components and manufacture U400R systems
2,000
1,500
500
installation, adjustment of systems, startup of the U400R accelerator, and the U-400M accelerator upgrade (superconducting ECR ion source and cryogenic vacuum system)
1,000
Financial support for running experiments (9,5 M USD)
Construction of a new FLNR Experimental Hall (SHE Factory) 13,8 MUSD
design works, construction
200
2,500
1,100
4,500
5,500
Renovation of the U400 Experimental Hall
800
6,000
Development of experimental continuous-action devices and facilities:
physical and chemical separators, systems of collection and transportation of nuclear reaction products, radiochemical laboratory of II class, etc.
3,000
3,500
5,000
Development of high-intensity heavy-ion accelerator (А  100, Е 8.5 MeVА, I 10 µAh):
technical requirements, project
750
manufacture
250
8,000
9,500
installation, beam lines, launch
Total
3,700
7,500
8,350
17,550
21,500
16,500
15,000
Total for the 2010–2016 period: USD 90.1 million

36. According to the Project Financing and Implementation Schedule presented in Table 2, the above-mentioned project updates shall be implemented in full (the ultimate goal) over the period from 2013 through 2016.
Should difficulties arise in finding additional funds (USD 30.1 million), some of the work will have to be postponed until 2017– The high-priority tasks (the "minimum program"), which shall be fully implemented under the JINR Seven-Year Plan (2010–2016), shall thus include the following:
Development of the world's first SHE Factory, launch of a new DC-280 accelerator, construction of a new Experimental Hall and experimental setups for synthesis and investigation of the properties of SHE
Implementation of the scientific program on the SHE synthesis (U400 accelerator)
Completion of works on the U-400M modernization, and the development of a new ACCULINNA-2 separator for carrying out research on exotic radioactive nuclei
Completion of preparatory and design works for the renovation of the U400 Experimental Hall and the modernization of the U400 accelerator to ensure the implementation of the above-listed tasks in 2017
The proposed DRIBs–III Implementation Schedule of the “minimum program” is presented in Table 3.

37. Project Total: USD 73.75 million for the 2010–2016 period.
Table 3. The amended DRIBs-IIIa Project Financing and Implementation Schedule (USD, in thousands for the period (the “minimum program).
Tasks performed
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Modernization of the existing heavy-ion accelerators:
2,000
1,000
U400M (superconducting ECR ion source, the cryogenic vacuum system)
500
Financial support for running experiments (9,0/ 7,0 MUSD)
1,500
Development of a new Experimental Hall (radiochemical laboratory of second class, SHE Factory):
Design, construction works
(13,8 /13,0 MUSD)
200
2,500
1,100
4,500
5,500
Renovation of the U400R Experimental Hall
Project (2,25 MUSD)
700
250
Development of experimental continuous-action devices and facilities:
physical and chemical separators, systems of collection and transportation of nuclear reaction products, radiochemical laboratory of II class, etc.
(17,5 / 15,0 MUSD)
3,000
3,500
Development of a high-intensity heavy-ion accelerator
(А  238, Е 8.5 MeVА, I  10 pμА): (26,0/ 22,0 MUSD)
technical requirements, project
750
manufacture
8,000
installation, beam lines, startup
Total
3,700
7,500
8,350
17,450
18,500
11,250
7,000
Project Total: USD million for the 2010–2016 period.
Funding increase amounts to USD million.

38. Nuclear physics with stable & RI-beams
FLNR (JINR) – 2016
1500m2
1000m2
DC-280 new
SHE Factory
Nuclear physics with stable & RI-beams
U200
Applied
research
IC100
Production &
studies of the
exotic nuclei
Nano/Lab
1500m2
DRIBs
MT25
U400R
upgraded
U400M
U400M
&SC ECR
U400R U400M
Accelerator Complex

39. Thank you!

41. U400R. Median plane level. Second floor.

43. U400 U400R Schedule Hall design Building U400 beam on U400 U400R
assembling
U400R beam on