1. Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs (Ninth Edition) By Edward A. Polloway James R. Patton Loretta Serna

2. Chapter 1 Special Education In An Era Of Inclusion and Standards

3. 0-13-179157-5 Polloway, Patton, & Serna Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 3 Special Education today Dominant themes in special education is Inclusion Appropriate supports in the general education classroom (Supported Education)

4. 0-13-179157-5 Polloway, Patton, & Serna Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 Target populations and Associated Concerns 93% of school age students served under the IDEA Act in the following groups: –Learning Disabilities –Speech or language impairments –Mental retardation –Emotional disturbance

5. 0-13-179157-5 Polloway, Patton, & Serna Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Matching Curriculum design and Instructional methods 1. Categorical groups is influenced by public policy decisions, research informed, and non- research professional decisions. 2. Categorical labels convey little about curriculum design and specific teaching strategies 3. Ensure an appropriate curriculum

6. 0-13-179157-5 Polloway, Patton, & Serna Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 Federal and State legislation No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 (IDEA) Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)

7. 0-13-179157-5 Polloway, Patton, & Serna Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 7 IDEA components Appropriate Evaluation Individualized Education Program Least Restrictive Environment Parent and student participation Procedural Safeguards Section 504

8. 0-13-179157-5 Polloway, Patton, & Serna Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Americans with Disabilities Act Represents broad civil rights coverage for individuals with disabilities. The law establishes guidelines for: –Employment –Public accommodations, –Transportation, –State and local government operations, and –Telecommunications.

9. 0-13-179157-5 Polloway, Patton, & Serna Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 Standards- Based Education Content standard –Knowledge, skills, and understanding attain in academic subjects Performance standard –Levels of achievement to demonstrate their proficiency in the subjects

10. 0-13-179157-5 Polloway, Patton, & Serna Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 Multi- Tier system Tier 1: –High quality core instruction Tier 2: –High quality targeted supplemental instruction Tier 3: –High quality intensive intervention

11. 0-13-179157-5 Polloway, Patton, & Serna Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Access to the General Education Curriculum Statements that are reflected on the IEP: Present level statement Measurable annual goals Special education and related services and supplementary aids Program modifications or supports from school personal Explain the extent to which the child will not participate with non- disabled children

12. 0-13-179157-5 Polloway, Patton, & Serna Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 Universal Design for Learning Attends to individual needs in a general fashion Proactive rather than reactive Curricula and materials that attend to the needs of students with special needs Capitalizes on new technologies and electronic resources Provides a new way of looking at students with disabilities

13. 0-13-179157-5 Polloway, Patton, & Serna Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 Differentiated Instruction A process to approach teaching and learning for students of differing abilities in the same class.

14. 0-13-179157-5 Polloway, Patton, & Serna Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 14 Evidence Based Practice Interventions that displays evidence with the population with whom they are being used

15. 0-13-179157-5 Polloway, Patton, & Serna Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 15 Diversity Considerations Diversity implies that many students do not represent the stereotypic image of the typical student Teachers must develop a sensitivity to the needs of a diverse group of students Acquiring specific knowledge about diverse student populations is essential

16. 0-13-179157-5 Polloway, Patton, & Serna Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 Empowerment Related to self- determination of individuals with disabilities A multifaceted concept that embraces many necessary aspects of what it truly means to be respected and given dignity

17. 0-13-179157-5 Polloway, Patton, & Serna Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 Self- determination Self- instruction Self- understanding Self- advocacy and leadership Positive self- efficacy and outcome expectancy Internal locus of control Self- awareness Decision- making Choice- making Problem solving Independent living Goal setting and attainment Self- observation, evaluation, and reinforcement

18. 0-13-179157-5 Polloway, Patton, & Serna Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 18 Effective Teaching The amount of learning the child masters The nature of the teaching behaviors Teaching activities validated from research: –A review or check of the previous day’s work –Presentation of new content/ skill –Guided student practice –Feedback and correction –Independent student practice –Weekly and monthly reviews

19. 0-13-179157-5 Polloway, Patton, & Serna Strategies for Teaching Learners with Special Needs, Ninth Edition Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 Special Education Teachers Today Teacher As Advocate –Change agents Ethical decisions –Decision making about specific educational interventions Special educator role –Function with a multi tier instructional system Professional development –Continuum of professional development