1. 5.2 Public “away from home” toilets
How appealing can they be?
Can vandalism be avoided?
Learning objective: how to plan & implement sustainable public toilets 1

2. A public toilet is part of a system
User views on public toilets
Inside
Outside
appear-
ance
payment
security
access
signage
attend-
ants
location
fixtures
fittings
clean-
liness
Facility
unisex
disability
baby
urinals
rest
products
separate
Courtesy of Clara Greed (from Hanson et al. 2007) 2

3. User surveys and evaluations
J-O Drangert, Linköping university

4. User interview results
Courtesy of Clara Greed from Hanson et al. 2007

5. Location of toilet blocks and urinals
A toilet hierarchy covering: city centre, district and local levels
Courtesy of Clara Greed (from Hanson et al. 2007) 5

6. Signage ~ how to find the place
Map showing public toilets
Photos courtesy of Clara Greed 6

7. Access to the toilet and urinal
New urinal stands behind a toilet block. The urinal is being used for defecation during night hours when the main toilet block is closed
A toilet with accessories for many user groups
Courtesy of Clara Greed from Hanson et al. 2007
J-O Drangert, Linkoping university, Sweden 7

8. External appearance of the toilet or urinal
Excellent access to unisex street toilets in Waikato, New Zealand.
Courtesy of Clara Greed from Hanson et al. 2007
A block of urine-diverting toilets
Photo courtesy of Suburraman, Scope, India 8

9. Payment or not? Sulabh pay toilet with bath
Public pay toilet in Moscow with attendant. Urine diversion
A sign board about fees
Public free urinal after rain
J-O Drangert, Linkoping university, Sweden

10. Management inside the toilet block
Courtesy of F. Garduňo, Sarar, Mexico
Cleaning
of toilets
Dutch toilet with slogan
J-O Drangert, Linkoping university, Sweden 10

11. Security and privacy Ultra-blue light to prevent syringe injection
Courtesy of Clara Greed
(from Hanson et al. 2007)
Portland Loo
Less privacy may reduce vandalism & improve
safety
J-O Drangert, Linkoping university, Sweden

12. Cleanliness
Beskär vattendunken så att detaljerna syns bättre
A brightly lit, easy to clean toilet in which all cracks are sealed to prevent stagnant urine and water
Water ”tap” for washing hands using 0.1 litre per hand wash
Courtesy of Clara Greed from Hanson et al. 2007
J-O Drangert, Linkoping university, Sweden

13. Fixtures in the cubicle and urinal – and vandalism
If the toilet is not cleaned regularily, users will fill up the floor all the way to the entrance
Fixtures have to be sturdy to withstand abuse
J-O Drangert, Linkoping university, Sweden

14. Unisex and baby-friendly facilities
Baby friendly unit
Women and men have quite different dimensions and ‘reach’ in terms of length of arms and legs (Goldsmith, 2000)
Courtesy of Clara Greed from Hanson et al. 2007

15. Urinals Female urinal from Tepozeco in Mexico Female squatting urinal
Courtesy of Ron Sawyer, Sarar, Mexico
J-O Drangert, Linköping University

16. Differently abled persons
Photo Courtesy of M. Subburaman, Scope,. India

17. Where does urine and faecal matter end up?
J-O Drangert, Linkoping university, Sweden 17

18. Public toilets in remote locations
Volume reduction per year in a natural composting process:
Courtesy of Compostera AB, Sweden

19. Summary of design and reuse options
Output
Option 1
Option 2
Water from hand washing
Soil bed
Sewer
Urine from urinal
Undiluted
Flushed
Faecal matter from diverting toilet
Mixed with ash or sawdust
Excreta from toilet
Ablution water
J-O Drangert, Linköping university