2. If a fossil is found in a rock with 20% of the isotope carbon 14 left in it. How old is the fossil?

3. Speciation – creation of a new species from an old one. Where do species come from?

4. Microevolution vs. Macroevolution Fast Slow Fast Slow Can see it happen Can’t see it happen Can see it happen Can’t see it happen in one human life. in one human life. in one human life. in one human life. antibiotic dinosaurs and antibiotic dinosaurs and resistance humans resistance humans

5. Antibiotic Resistance There are millions of bacteria in a host. There are millions of bacteria in a host. There are many freaks and variations among the population. Each with unique traits. There are many freaks and variations among the population. Each with unique traits. If antibiotics are given to a person for a long time then all or most of the bacteria is killed. If antibiotics are given to a person for a long time then all or most of the bacteria is killed. If you stop after a short while the variety that can handle the antibiotic for a short time will be the only ones left. If you stop after a short while the variety that can handle the antibiotic for a short time will be the only ones left. Soon you have a person infected with antibiotic resistant bacteria. Soon you have a person infected with antibiotic resistant bacteria. Can you see how this might be dangerous? Can you see how this might be dangerous?

6. Antibiotic Resistance

9. Pesticide Resistance: Bed Bugs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQbLY Oh5hA0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQbLY Oh5hA0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQbLY Oh5hA0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQbLY Oh5hA0 Over use of home treatments cause resistance. Over use of home treatments cause resistance. Some survive due to variations. They reproduce and the population evolves. Some survive due to variations. They reproduce and the population evolves. Major epidemic in New York. Major epidemic in New York.

10. HIV Drug Resistance The same process occurs within the HIV virus. The same process occurs within the HIV virus. The drugs eventually don’t work because the resistant variants are the only ones to survive. The drugs eventually don’t work because the resistant variants are the only ones to survive. They repopulate the host and levels are back up. They repopulate the host and levels are back up. They are now all resistant. They are now all resistant.

11. Darwin’s Dangerous Idea Survival of the fittest & HIV part 1 Survival of the fittest & HIV part 1 Survival of the fittest & HIV Survival of the fittest & HIV http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYnmJ _IIIIw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYnmJ _IIIIw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYnmJ _IIIIw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYnmJ _IIIIw Survival of the fittest & HIV Part 2 Survival of the fittest & HIV Part 2 Survival of the fittest & HIV Survival of the fittest & HIV http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7j8QL3Z 6qghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7j8QL3Z 6qg first 2:00 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7j8QL3Z 6qg

12. MRSA Article

13. Natural Selection vs. Artificial Selection Natural Selection – nature selects the traits best suited for an environment. Natural Selection – nature selects the traits best suited for an environment. Artificial Selection – humans select the traits we like the best. Artificial Selection – humans select the traits we like the best. Crops that produce the most yield. Crops that produce the most yield. Cows that have the best beef. Cows that have the best beef. Fruit trees with the biggest fruit. Fruit trees with the biggest fruit.

14. Dogs All dogs are the same species: All dogs are the same species: Canis Lupus Canis Lupus Humans have Humans have selected the breeds they like the best and kept breeding those traits.

15. Wild Mustard

16. What is a species? A population that can mate to produce a viable offspring. A population that can mate to produce a viable offspring. Frogs and Horses – can’t mate Frogs and Horses – can’t mate

17. Oliver the Humanzee http://www.youtub e.com/watch?v=9 kJF7hRmKE0 http://www.youtub e.com/watch?v=9 kJF7hRmKE0 http://www.youtub e.com/watch?v=9 kJF7hRmKE0 http://www.youtub e.com/watch?v=9 kJF7hRmKE0

18. What is going on here? What causes the split?

19. The Galapagos Islands & The MS Beagle Darwin traveled to the Galapagos Islands and studied different finches. Darwin traveled to the Galapagos Islands and studied different finches. Each island had a different finch type. Each island had a different finch type. Islands with mountains dividing them in half had 2 types of finches. Islands with mountains dividing them in half had 2 types of finches. He asked the question why? He asked the question why?

20. Speciation So why don’t all organisms look the same if they all evolve? Why doesn’t the arctic wolf and the African dog look the same? They’re both dogs. So why don’t all organisms look the same if they all evolve? Why doesn’t the arctic wolf and the African dog look the same? They’re both dogs. Different environments! Different environments! Where do different species come from? Where do different species come from? Different environments! Different environments!

21. Geographic Isolation Whenever a physical barrier divides a population evolution can take different paths. Whenever a physical barrier divides a population evolution can take different paths. OCEANS OCEANS MOUNTAINS MOUNTAINS DESERTS DESERTS BOUNDARIES – BOUNDARIES – Changes in land forms ATLANTIC SIDE PACIFIC SIDE

22. Creating a New Species Two islands. Two islands. Both have the same birds. (the same beak variations) Both have the same birds. (the same beak variations)

23. Creating a New Species Only one island has a drought and only the large beaked finches survive. Only one island has a drought and only the large beaked finches survive. On the other island tree worms become abundant and only slender beaks survive. On the other island tree worms become abundant and only slender beaks survive.

24. Creating a New Species After some time they can no longer mate together. After some time they can no longer mate together. You now have two different species, each on a different island. You now have two different species, each on a different island.

25. Evolution of a Species If there is no geographical isolation then the whole species can evolve into a new one. If there is no geographical isolation then the whole species can evolve into a new one. If there is geographical isolation then the species can split into two different species. Both can be new or only one. If there is geographical isolation then the species can split into two different species. Both can be new or only one. 1 to 2 1 to 1 2

26. Phylogenetic Tree of Horses Shows the evolution of the species. Shows the evolution of the species. Speciation - new species formed. Speciation - new species formed. Extinction - species go extinct. Extinction - species go extinct.

27. Speciation and all evolution Rabbit Evolution Fast Forward http://archive.peabody.yale.edu/exhibits/tr eeoflife/film_discovering.html http://archive.peabody.yale.edu/exhibits/tr eeoflife/film_discovering.html http://archive.peabody.yale.edu/exhibits/tr eeoflife/film_discovering.html http://archive.peabody.yale.edu/exhibits/tr eeoflife/film_discovering.html Chimps evolution http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/ 07/3/l_073_03.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/ 07/3/l_073_03.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/ 07/3/l_073_03.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/ 07/3/l_073_03.html

28. Age: 80 million years ago Age: 20 million years ago Fossil #1 A B C D Fossil #2 A B C D Fossil #1 A B C d Fossil #4 A B c d Fossil #3 a B C d Fossil #5 a B C d Fossil #4 a B C d Fossil #3 A B C D Fossil #2 A B C d Fossil #2 A B C D Fossil #1 A B C D Fossil #1 A B C D