1. Musculoskeletal Injuries

2. Anatomy of bone Formed of dense connective tissue Store salt and metabolic material Production of RBCs bone marrow Joints Bones articulate or meet

3. Classification of bones Long extremities Short hands and feet Flat sternum, scapula, ribs Irregular vertebrae

4. Bones contain Ca++ and protein fibers Covered by a strong white fibrous material periosteum Muscles Movement 3 types Smooth {involuntary} Cardiac Skeletal {involuntary}

5. Cartilage Connective tissue that covers the outside of bones Acts as a surface for articulation Allows for smooth movement of joints Less rigid than bone Forms septum of nose, external ear, trachea, connection between ribs and sternum

6. Tendons Bands of connective tissue Muscle to bone Ligaments Connective tissue Bone to bone Allows for stable range of motion

7. MOI Direct force Twisting or rotational forces Indirect force May cause a......

8. Painful, swollen, deformed extremity Unless obviously deformed, takes xray etc. to dx. a fracture Assume the worst, tx. as a fx. Blood loss 500cc {1 pt.} from a close tib/fib 1,000cc {2 pts.} from a femur fx. 2000cc {4 pts.} from a femur fx.

9. Splinting can minimize blood loss Musculoskeletal Injuries Fracture Break in the bone Dislocation Disruption of a joint Sprain Overstretching or overexertion of muscle

10. Closed Open Assessment Inspect, palpate, auscultate Remove clothing factor environment and severity Immediately identify and treat life-threats

11. Ask appropriate questions to avoid missing other injuries Initial assessment – focused exam – r/o head, spine, chest and ABD injuries – treat musculoskeletal injuries

12. Assessment Signs and symptoms Pain and tenderness Deformity and angulation Grating Swelling Bruising Exposed bone ends

13. Joints locked in position Nerve and vascular compromise PMS; skin condition Care Standard precautions Initial assessment C-Collar {rapid trauma exam} Splint Dress and bandage Ice pack

14. Realignment Splinting UE injuries and splinting Dropped shoulder Sling and swathe Position of function Hip injuries Fracture Dislocation

15. Long bone Ankle Knee Hand Fingers