1. Chapter #15 – Section #3

2. China’s Communist Revolution By the end of the World War II, the Chinese Communists had gained control of northern China. Communist forces led by Mao Zedong fought a civil war against the Nationalists headed by Jiang Jieshi. Mao’s forces swept to victory and set up the People’s Republic of China, causing China to be under communist control. The defeated Nationalists fled to the island of Taiwan, off the Chinese coast.

3. How the Communists Won Mao Zedong’s Communists won for several reasons: - He won support of China’s huge peasant population - The Communists redistributed land to poor peasants and ended oppression by landlords and their crushing taxes. - The Nationalists lost popularity due to government corruption and dependence on Western “imperialist” powers. Widespread support for the Communists: - In the countryside, peasants helped capture rail lines and surround Nationalist-held cities. - One after another, these cities fell to Mao’s People’s Liberation Army. - Communists conquered Tibet in 1950. - In 1959, Tibet’s most revered religious leader, the Dali Lama was forced to flee the country.

4. The Dali Lama

5. Changing Chinese Society Mao Zedong built a Communist one-party totalitarian state in the People’s Republic of China. Communist ideology guided the government’s efforts to reshape the economy and society. - The government discouraged the practice of Buddhism, Confucianism, and other traditional Chinese beliefs. - The government seized the property of rural landlords and urban business owners throughout China. - Opponents were put down as “counterrevolutionaries,” especially the middle class or “bourgeoisie.” They were beaten, sent to labor camps, or killed. Mao called for collectivization, or the forced pooling of peasant land and labor in an attempt to increase productivity.

6. The Great Leap Forward Fails From 1958 to 1960, Mao led a program known as the Great Leap Forward, urging people to make a superhuman effort to increase farm and industrial output. - Mao created communes, several villages are brought together, including thousands of acres of land, and up to 25,000 people. - It proved to be a dismal failure as “backyard” industries produced low- quality, useless goods. - The commune system cut food output by removing incentives for individual farmers and families, leading to the neglect of farmland and food shortages. Bad weather added to the problems and led to a terrible famine. Between 1959 and 1961, 55 million Chinese starved to death!

7. The Cultural Revolution In 1966, Mao launched the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. - Its goal was to purge China of “bourgeois” tendencies. - He urged young Chinese to experience revolution firsthand. In response, teenagers formed bands of Red Guards, carrying copies of the “little red book,” which were Quotations From Chairman Mao Tse-tung. - Red Guards attacked anyone they thought was bourgeoisie. - The accused were beaten, publicly humiliated, or killed. - Skilled workers and managers were forced to leave their jobs and do manual labor on rural farms or labor camps. -Schools and factories were closed. As the economy slowed and civil war threatened, Mao had the army restore order.

9. Red Guards

10. China, the Cold War’s “Wild Card” The number of people under communist rule…. By 196o... By “playing the China card” as this strategy was sometimes called… The United States allowed the People’s Republic of China…

11. War Comes to Korea Korea was an independent kingdom until Japan conquered it in the early 20 th century. After Japan’s defeat in WWII, Soviet and American forces agreed to divide Korea temporarily along the 38 th parallel of latitude. - North Korea was ruled by Kim Il Sung, a communist dictator and ally of the Soviet Union. - South Korea was ruled by Syngman Rhee, a non-communist dictator, who was backed by the United States. - Both leaders wanted to rule the entire country. In early 1950, Kim Il Sung called for a “heroic struggle” to reunite Korea.

13. North Korea Attacks South Korea In June of 1950, North Korean troops attacked and soon, overran most of the south. - The United Nations Security Council condemned the invasion. - The U.S. organized a United Nations force to help South Korea. U.N. forces were finally able to stop the North Koreans in August along a line known as the Pusan Perimeter. - This perimeter was centered on the port city of Pusan, in the southeastern corner of the Korean peninsula. In September 1950, U.N. troops landed on the beaches around the port of Inch’on, behind enemy lines. - The U.S.-led troops quickly captured Korea’s north-south rail lines and cut off North Korean troops from their supply of food and ammunition. - By November, the U.N. forces had advanced north to the Yalu River, along the border of China.

14. China Reverses United Nations Gains The success of the U.S.-led forces alarmed China, as Mao Zedong sent hundreds of thousands of Chinese troops to help the North Koreans. - During the rough winter the Chinese and North Koreans forced United Nations troops back to the south of the 38 th parallel. - The Korean War turned into a stalemate. In 1953, both sides signed an armistice, or end to fighting. - Nearly two million North Korean and South Korean troops remained dug in on either side of the demilitarized zone (DMZ), an area with no military forces near the 38 th parallel. - The armistice lasted for the rest of the Cold War, but no peace treaty was ever negotiated.

16. DMZ

20. 2009 North Korea Missile Test

23. Kim Il-Sung Kim Jong-Il Kim Jong-Un

24. Vice: North Korea

25. Quick-write What are your thoughts on the situation in North Korea? How do you feel about the physical and psychological well-being of the North Korean people? Should or can anything be done to fix this situation? Would you support an invasion to free the people and drive Kim Jong-un’s dictatorship out of existence? What could be the negative effects of a war with North Korea?

26. Homework Standards Check: 15.3