1. HOMEOSTASIS WITHIN THE CIRCULATORY & RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS AP BIOLOGY: BIG IDEA #2 & #4

2. LEARNING GOALS Identify how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported and their effects on breathing rate. Identify a dissociation curve and explain the role of partial pressure of oxygen and oxygen saturation in delivery of oxygen to the body. Identify and explain how heart rate is controlled. Identify changes in heart rate and connect to the function of the heart.

3. TRANSPORT OF GASES IN THE BLOOD: DIFFUSION Gases diffuse because of differences in partial pressure!

4. CO 2 AND O 2 TRAVEL O 2 : Hemoglobin CO 2 : Undergoes a reaction and becomes carbonic acid. Equilibrium shift @ lungs back to CO 2.

5. ROLE OF PRESSURE CO 2 : Greater at tissues; movement directed AWAY from tissues. Oxygen: Greatest in alveoli; movement directed toward tissues

6. MEASURES pO 2: partial pressure of oxygen at a given atmospheric pressure. Saturation of O 2 : amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin Concentration of O 2: dependent on saturation and pressure. Normal: >95% saturation 100 mm/mg pO2 20 ml/100mL blood

7. ROLE OF PRESSURE Where is the pO2 higher? Lungs or body’s tissues? How does that influence binding to hemoglobin. Red Arrow: Blue Arrow:

8. SUMMARY

9. THE HIGH ALTITUDE PROBLEM The concentration of oxygen in air is 20.9%. Pressure at sea level is 760 mmHg. 1)What is the pO 2 at sea level? 2)What changes at high altitude? 3)How does that affect physiology? 4)What changes does the body undergo when it spends weeks at high altitude?

10. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE MUSCLES NEED MORE OXYGEN? Bohr Shift: Saturation decreased at lower pH. More O 2 falls off blood and enters body tissues. What do you think the decrease in pH does to hemoglobin to cause this phenomenon?

11. HOW DOES BLOOD GAS AFFECT BREATHING RATE?

12. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM CASE STUDY What happens when a person is afflicted with carbon monoxide poisoning!!!

13. DISCUSS ANSWERS This is a practice with multiple choice!!! What do you need to know to answer the question?!? Why are wrong answers wrong and why is the right answer right?!?!

14. CONTROL OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Blood pressure Heart Rate

15. BLOOD PRESSURE

16. WHAT DO THE VALUES TELL US?

17. REVIEW: ARTERIES AND VEINS Artery: AwayVein: Towards

18. REVIEW: HEART/LUNG CIRCULATION

19. HEART RATE AND PACEMAKER

20. EKG WITH LETTERS

21. ABNORMAL HEART RHYTHMS Describe and Draw each of the abnormal heart rhythms: Atrial Fibrillation Tachycardia Bradycardia Ventrilcular Fibrillation Then, write a case study for a patient and have a partner determine which rhythm he/she would likely experience.