1. 1-4 Topographic Maps

4. Let’s take a walk up a hill!

5. We’re now at an elevation of 100 meters. 100m

6. Let’s keep going! 100m

7. Now we’re at 200m. 100m 200m

8. Shall we march on? 100m 200m

9. We’ve made it to 300m! 100m 200m 300m

10. On to the peak! 100m 200m 300m

11. We’re on the peak, but what’s our elevation? 100m 200m 300m

12. Any ideas? 100m 200m 300m Let’s add contour lines for every 50 meters and see if that helps.

13. 100m 200m 300m We know that we are above 350m, but less than 400m. 50m 150m 250m 350m

14. 100m 200m 300m Let’s head down the hill, it’s getting late! 50m 150m 250m 350m

15. 100m 200m 300m Now what’s our elevation? 50m 150m 250m 350m If you said somewhere between 200m and 250m you are right!

16. 100m 200m 300m Let’s try this again! 50m 150m 250m 350m

17. 100m 200m 300m What’s our elevation now? 50m 150m 250m 350m If you said 50m or just under, you’re right!

18. Let’s now look at the same hill, but the way we might see it from an airplane!

19. Each color change represents a 50 meter increase.

20. Now, let’s try the same hike! Our elevation is 0 meters.

21. Now what is our elevation?

22. If you said more than 150 meters, but less than 200 meters, you’re right!

23. Let’s go a little higher.

24. Think you know our elevation now? More than 300 meters But less than 350 meters

25. If we were standing on the peak, what would be our elevation? More than 350 meters, Less than 400 meters

26. Let’s head down hill.

27. Know our elevation?

28. More than 100 meters, less than 150 meters

29. Here’s how the real topographic map of this landform would look!

32. Contour lines connect points of equal elevation above or below sea level. Contour lines never crisscross each other. Index contours are bolded contour lines marked with numbers that represent the elevation of that particular line. Contour interval is the vertical distance between one contour line and the next. Moving from one contour line to another always indicates a change in elevation. Guidelines of a Topographic Map

33. The closer contour lines are to one another, the steeper the slope is in the real world. The further apart the lines, the more gentle the slope. Closed loop contour lines (the contours make a circle) represents a hill. Closed loop contour lines with hatch marks indicates a depression in the ground (sinkhole, volcano…) Contour lines crossing the valley of a stream will form a "V" shape pointing uphill (upstream), if they point downhill it is crossing a mountain ridge. Guidelines of a Topographic Map

34. Index Contour – Brown Bold Lines Contour Lines – Brown Lines Distance from one brown line to the next is the Contour Interval 720 740 760 780

35. On a standard topographic map, the colors used and the features they represent are: Black: Indicates man-made features, such as buildings. Gray: Indicates built-up areas; relief features; and elevation. Red: Shows major roads and highways. Brown: Represents contour lines. Green: Identifies vegetation such as woods; orchards; and vineyards. Blue: Identifies water features such as lakes; swamps; rivers; and streams. Intermittent water features are depicted with a dashed line. Colors & Features of a Topographic Map

38. Let’s see what you know. 400m 800m 1000m 1200m A B C D E F 600m

39. Grab a piece of paper and write your answers to the questions that follow. Ready?

40. 1. 1. Could the elevation at the peak (B) be 1410 meters? 400m 800m 1000m 1200m A B C D E F 600m Contour Interval 100m

41. 2. 2. What is the elevation at (E)? 400m 800m 1000m 1200m A B C D E F 600m Contour Interval 100m

42. 3. 3. What is the elevation difference between (A) and (B)? 400m 800m 1000m 1200m A B C D E F 600m Contour Interval 100m

43. 4. 4. Could the elevation at (F) be 417 meters? 400m 800m 1000m 1200m A B C D E F 600m Contour Interval 100m

44. 5. 5. If you walked a straight line from (D) to (C), would you walk over a mountain ridge or down a river valley? 400m 800m 1000m 1200m A B C D E F 600m Contour Interval 100m

45. 400m 800m 1000m 1200m A B C D E F 600m Contour Interval 100m 6. 6. Just looking at the map, would it be easier to head down from the peak going East, or going North? S W N E

46. 1. 1. No :The elevation must be under 1400 meters, but over 1300 meters. 2. 2. about 400 meters

47. 3. 3. (A) is probably close to the 750 meter line, (B) is above 1300 meters. The difference between the two would probably be 600 to 650 meters.

48. 4. 4. No: It must be more than 700 meters and less than 800 meters. 5. 5. Down a valley: If the contour lines point up the slope it’s a valley, if they point down the slope it’s a ridge.

49. 6. 6. East: When contour lines are close together that means there is a steep slope, the further apart the lines, the more gentle the slope and therefore an easier walk! Go east!