1. Precambrian Eukaryotes Acritarchs Ediacaran Vendian

2. Acritarchs Cysts of unicellular eukaroytes, perhaps algae or egg cases of multicellular orgs. 1800 my through Devonian

3. Ediacaran 600 my-545 my Soft-bodied Many organisms of uncertain affinity

4. Possible annelids, cnidarians (coral relatives)

5. Possible mollusc? Probable cnidarian

6. Total mysteries

7. Vendian “little shellies” Right at Cambrian boundary

8. Trilobites: Extinct arthropods (like lobsters or shrimp but with calcite skeleton) Cambrian

10. Lingulate brachiopods

11. Strange echinoderms

12. Sponge reef

13. Burgess Shale Middle Cambrian Excellent preservation of soft-bodied orgs. 5 kinds of arthropods (only 3 kinds today) First vertebrate Mysterious critters

15. Cambrian Smallish Skeletons (if any) of phosphate or thin CaCO3 Live on or near ocean floor Sponges, trilobites, early molluscs, echinoderms, lingulate brachiopods

16. Ordovician Brachiopods (articulate)

17. Bryozoans

18. Crinoids (echinoderms)

19. Cephalopods

20. Corals

21. Graptolites

22. Ordovician invertebrates More robust skeletons Calcite skeletons Taller, deeper (take up more ecological space) The Paleozoic fauna appears: rhynchenelliform brachiopods, bryozoans, crinoids/blastoids, primitive cephalopods, graptolites, rugose/tabulate corals

23. Middle-Late Paleozoic

24. Increasing height, increasing depth Increasing diversity New organisms –Eurypterids (giant sea scorpions) Fish/amphibians

25. Eurypterid

26. Fish

27. Jawless (bony plates on outside) Ostracoderms

28. Armored: Acanthodians & Placoderms

29. Chondrichthyes:

30. Osteichthyes:

31. Sarcopterygian: Lobe-finned fish

32. Forerunners of quadrapeds

33. Paleozoic What if… You were at a Paleozoic banquet and were offered these creatures to eat: –Brachiopod –Bryozoan –Crinoid –Trilobite Which one would you rather eat? Why? You were running the Paleozoic Ultimate Fighter show, and you had to design matchups between different Paleozoic creatures. Organize at least two matchups between two different kinds of creatures off the list. Who would be good opponents to match up? In each case, who would win and why?

34. Mesozoic Life Oceans - a whole new crew The Modern Fauna –Mollusks –Crustaceans –Echinoids –Fish

35. Molluscs Bivalves Gastropods

36. Crustaceans

37. Echinoids

38. Mesozoic Life Oceans - a whole new crew The Modern Fauna –Mollusks –Crustaceans –Echinoids –Fish Plus marine reptiles and ammonites

39. Marine reptiles

40. Ammonites

41. Cenozoic Oceans Like Mesozoic: Modern Fauna Minus marine reptiles and ammonites Plus whales and marine mammals

42. Evolution of Tetrapods Arise from sarcopterygians (lobe-finned fish) Amphibianish creatures Reptiles (to birds) Mammals

43. Tiktaalik - recent transitional find

44. Amphibians

45. Adaptations for life on land Breathe! Locomotion Avoid dessication Reproduction - amniotic egg allows longer development (no swimming larvae) –Leathery covering or eggshell –Larger size of egg –Larger yolk

46. Adaptations for life on land: plants Avoid dessication – thicker outsides Reproduction – –Fancy fertilization methods, seeds –Marine plants release gametes into water More complicated dispersal mechanisms for young

47. Reptiles Anapsids: turtles and their ancestors Synapsids: pre-mammals & mammals

48. Synapsids

49. Therapsids: immediate forerunners of mammals

50. Reptiles Anapsids: turtles and their ancestors Synapsids: pre-mammals & mammals Diapsids: Rest of reptiles –Marine reptiles –Snakes, lizards –Pterosaurs –Crocodilians –Dinosaurs and birds

51. Diapsids Pterosaurs Marine reptiles Crocodiles

52. Marine reptiles

53. Diapsids Dinosaurs Birds

54. What were dinosaurs like? At your table, address one of these questions: –How did dinosaurs stand? Were they capable of fast movement? –Were dinosaurs social animals? –Were dinos warm-blooded? How do you know?

55. What were dinosaurs like? Stood erect, not sprawling Some fast-moving Social behavior Maybe warm blooded

56. Brontosaurus, 1953 Apatosaurus, 2007

57. Bone strength of ceratopsians could sustain a 35mph gallop

58. T. rex had weak leg bones, delicate skull: Probably walking, not running Maybe scavenger?

59. Maiasaurs built nests in a large nesting colony, each a mom’s length apart. Nests have no broken egg shells in them, so mom cleaned them out. Babies may have been incapable of walking, like baby birds, so required care Maternal care

60. Bone beds may represent mass mortality of a herd - for example, trying to ford a river in flood, just like caribou and wildebeest disasters of recent years. Herding

61. Trackways Some trackways have little footprints on the inside, suggesting a herd structure like elephants, where the babies are protected by the adults on the outside

62. Pack Hunting Popular idea, not much evidence: One specimen of multiple raptors with prey Large optic lobes, used in reptiles for higher brain functions

63. Warm-bloodedness Predator-prey ratios Thermal inertia Haversian canals O-18 isotopic ratio

64. Dino bone Tortoise bone

65. O-18 to O-16 ratio varies with: Season Internal temperature Cold blooded animals have growth rings and large O-18 variability. Warm-blooded animals have no growth rings, uniform O- 18 levels