1. Anime: 1000 Years of the Making
EAST 251 Week 2

2. Is it a coincident Anime originated in Japan?

3. Common misconception: Anime is children’s entertainment and TV pastime
Students only know the current state of Anime
Cannot clearly distinguish Anime and cartoons
Clarify the definition of Anime
Social impact

4. Criteria of Anime Criteria I
Animated production (vs. live action) either hand-drown and/or computer generated II
Episodic (for television series) and containing meaning conversation and/or strong story
III
Having a purpose other than comedic relief (such as moral and message) IV
Manga-based (V
Produced in Japan)

5. Definition of Manga (origin of Anime)
Manga
Graphic Novel in the US
Style
Comical, exaggerated, disproportional physical and facial features
Comical, exaggerated physical and facial features
Targeted Demographic
Various (child, teen, young adult, adult etc.)
Predominately young male
Theme
Various (drama, politics, daily-life, animals, food, love etc.)
Super-power/heroes
Purpose
Storytelling, entertainment
Origin
12-13th century
1950s

6. Popularity of Manga
Current Popularity:
Japan: $5 billion industry (Anime adds another 2 billion) a year
Global: US Manga sales jumped from $60 million in 2002 to $210 million in 2008 (US Publishers weekly 2013)
History of Manga traces back to early Japanese history
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication Statistic Bureau (2010)

7. The Scrolls: The Origin of Manga
The earliest Japanese paintings are found in Nara period ( )
Scrolls are long strip of papers (can reach 49 ft.)
Read from right to left
Usually story telling in nature

8. Choju-junbutsu-giga (鳥獣人物戯画) 1153-1140
30-40 ft long

9. Early Japan: Asuka and Nara Period
Asuka: Nara:

10. Around that time in Europe…
Byzantine Art

11. Fujibukuro-shoshi Emaki (藤袋草紙絵巻）16th Century
2 ¾ x 7 ¾ inch

12. Nezumi-shoshi Emaki (鼠草紙絵巻）16th Century
13 ¼ x 185 inch

13. Tamamushi Monogatari (玉虫物語)17th Century
450 ¾ x 8 inch

14. Tamamushi Monogatari (玉虫物語)17th Century
450 ¾ x 8 inch

15. The Birth of Japanese Print: Edo Period
A period of peace brought the time to enjoy life (c.f. 鎖国 Sakoku）
Middle class grew richer
People now have access to entertainment
Middle class children went to “terakoya” or private schools
Higher literacy rate News paper
Advancement of printing technology
Ukiyoe was born
Edo:

16. Ukiyoke (浮世絵): Images of the Floating World
“Earthly domain governed by changeability and fleeting pleasure”
Ukiyoe played many roles:
Advertisement (restaurants, beauty products, theaters/play, courtesans)
Entertainment
Art for middle class

17. Utagawa Toyokuni (1857)
c.f. posters

18. Takehara Shunsen ( )
百物語　The Hundred Tales (unknown)

19. Kitagawa Utamaro, A Child Pstered by a Nightmare with his Mother (1800-1801)

20. Katsushika Hokusai (1775-1824)
Hokusai’s work:
Hokusai Manga=15 volumes of various sketches (300+)
Depicting things in nature: animals, ghosts, etc. (30,000 + art works)

21. Hokusai: Thirty-six Views of Mt. Fuji

22. Origin of Anime, Manga
北斎漫画 (Hokusai Manga) by Hokusai Katsushika
15 volumes of various sketches (300+)
Depicting things in nature: animals, ghosts, etc.

23. Hokusai: Hokusai Manga

24. Hokusai Manga ( )
北斎漫画 (Hokusai Manga) includes portrayal of frame-by-frame dancing sequences of human body movements – reminiscent of Anime.

25. Next 2 pages: Rated R Hokusai: Shunga
Became very popular during Edo period
Categorized under Ukiyoe
Exaggeration/overstatement
Lively
Comical
Humorous
Next 2 pages: Rated R

26. Hokusai: The Dream of the Fisherman's Wife (1820) from Kinoe-no-komatsu

27. Hokusai: Kinoe-no-komatsu (1820)

28. Manga was common people’s entertainment in Edo period (1603-1868)

29. Around that time in Europe…
16-18th century paintings

30. Edo to Modern Period (1868-1945)
Utagawa Yoshikazu, The acrobats (1858)
Anonymous, Working the Fields (1898)
c.f. Box arrangement of modern Manga layout

31. The Rise of the Comic Strip: Modern Period
Kitazawa Rakuten, The Primary School board game (1913)

32. The Rise of the Comic Strip: Modern Period
Manga on Current Topics (1925)
Manga: Chiyomaru and Princess Yachio (1939)
The Exploration of Mars (1940)

33. History of Japanese Anime
The oldest existing Animation: なまくら刀 (1917)

34. Manga: Post WWII 手塚治虫 （Osamu Tezuka) 1928-1989
Military medical doctor turned into manga writer
Inspired by Walt Disney’s work
His manga focused on story lines, psychological depiction, emotional conflict and importance of human lives
Based on his Manga, he produced first TV Anime, Tetsuwan Atomu (Astro Boy)

35. Tezuka Osamu Created 700+ Manga (15,000 + pages) Produced 60+ Anime
incomplete

36. First Animation airs on TV: Tezuka’s 鉄腕アトム (Astro Boy) 1963

37. 1970’s Anime boom
テレビ名作アニメ劇場 (Television Anime Master piece theater), Sunday, 7:30 PM.

38. On the other hand in the US…
Saturday morning cartoons

39. 宮崎駿 （Hayao Miyazaki) 1941- Inspired by Tezuka’s manga
He directed and designed “Television Anime Master piece theater” until That was his break
Moved onto the production of anime films
Established Studio Ghibli in 1985

40. Etymology of “Anime”
1917: Jidaigeki-manga 時代劇漫画 = a period drama manga
1930’s: Anime was called 動画(dooga =moving drawings); was shown as ‘pre-show’ before movies.
1960’s: Anime was called 漫画映画 (manga eiga=comic movies). The word Animation was business lingo.
July 1965 issue of Kogata-eiga (小型映画), a movie magazine, used the word “Anime”.

41. Format of Current Anime
One season: usually 6 months (2 cycles)
One episode=30 minutes
Warning: 5 seconds
Opening music: 1 minute 30 seconds
A part: 10 minuets
Commercials
B part : 10 minuets and 30 seconds
Ending music: 1 minute 30 seconds
Coming attraction: 15 seconds

42. Nature of Anime Rich in history
Though the drawing style is simplified, the story line is more complex and explores human emotion and drama
Targeted not only children but also at a wider audience

43. What is Anime? Two dimensional animated art form *Japanese origin
*Originally manga
Containing meaningful conversation or story
One episode is either 30 min (TV series) or more (OAV or full movie length)
Having story line and consequences
* Usually but not always
In my humble opinion, if it doesn’t satisfy the criteria above, I’d call it an animated cartoon.