1. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 1 Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO) Christoph Bussler and Dieter Fensel DERI International 16th of February 2004

2. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 2 Contents  Mission of DERI  Mission of WSMO  WSMO Working Group  WSMO - Del 2  SDK-Cluster

3. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 3 Mission of DERI “Developing Semantic Web Services as a new infrastructure for eWork and eCommerce.”

4. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 4 Mission of DERI DERI International € 33 Mio DERI – Lion DIP ASG Knowledge Web SWWS University Institute Level Centre Level Project + Cluster Level DERI Galway € 23 MioDERI Innsbruck € 10 Mio Knowledge Web DIP SEKT SWWS ONTOWEB Esperonto h – Techsight COG Austrian projects University ASG

5. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 5 Mission of DERI Co- ordinates € 64 Mio SWWS ONTO WEB € 3 Mio DIP Integrated Project Leading IP on SWS € 18 Mio€ 7.2 Mio Knowledge Web Leading Network of Excellence on SWS DERI € 33 Mio

6. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 6 Mission of WSMO  Providing a standard for describing semantic web services.  Stands for the Web Service Modeling Ontology  WSMO is derived from WSMF

7. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 7 WSMO Working Group  Web site with public information:  http://www.nextwebgeneration.org/proj ects/wsmo/ http://www.nextwebgeneration.org/proj ects/wsmo/  Mailing list:  deri-wsmo@informatik.uibk.ac.at deri-wsmo@informatik.uibk.ac.at  Contact:  dumitru.roman@deri.ie

8. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 8 WSMO Working Group

9. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 9 WSMO Working Group  Chairs of the working group: Christoph Bussler and Dieter Fensel  Members of the working group: Sinuhé Arroyo, Michael Breu, Jos de Bruijn Emilia Cimpian, Ying Ding, Juan Miguel Gomez, Sung-Kook Han, Uwe Keller, Rubén Lara, Holger Lausen, Adrian Mocan, Matthew Moran, Axel Polleres,Dumitru Roman, Michael Stollberg, Laurentiu Vasiliu, Michal Zaremba

10. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 10 WSMO Working Group  Current working drafts:

11. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 11 WSMO Del 2

12. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 12 WSMO Del 2  This document presents an ontology called Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO) for describing various aspects related to Semantic Web Service.  Having the Web Service Modeling Framework (WSMF) as a starting point, it refines this framework and develops a formal ontology and a formal language.

13. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 13 WSMO Del 2 Two complementary principles:  Maximal decoupling complemented by  scalable mediation service

14. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 14 WSMO Del 2

15. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 15 WSMO Del 2 - Ontologies  Non functional properties  Used mediators Imported ontologies allow a modular approach for ontology design. By importing other ontologies, one can make use of concepts and relations defined elsewhere. Nevertheless, when importing an arbitrary ontology, most likely some steps for aligning, merging and transforming imported ontologies have to be performed. For this reason and in line with the basic design principles underlying the WSMF, we use ontology mediators (ooMediators) for importing ontologies.  Concept definitions The set of concepts that belong to the represented ontology.  Relation definitions The set of relations that belong to the represented ontology.  Axioms The set of axioms that belong to the represented ontology.  Instances The set of instances that belong to the represented ontology.

16. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 16 WSMO Del 2 - Goals  Non functional properties  Used mediators By importing ontologies, a goal can make use of concepts and relations defined elsewhere. A goal can import ontologies using ontology mediators (ooMediators). A goal may be defined by reusing an already existing goal or by combining existing goals. This is achieved by using goal mediators (ggMediators).  Post-conditions  Post-conditions in WSMO describe what a web service returns in response to its input. They define the relation between the inputs and the outputs.  Effects  Effects describe the state of the world after the execution of the service.

17. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 17 WSMO Del 2 - Mediators We distinguish between four different mediators:  ggMediators: mediators that link two goals.  ooMediators: mediators that import ontologies and resolve possible representation mismatches among all imported ontologies.  wgMediators: mediators that link web service to goals, i.e. they explicitly state the difference (reduction) between the two components and map different vocabularies.  wwMediators: mediators linking two Web Services.

18. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 18 WSMO Del 2 - Mediators

19. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 19 WSMO Del 2 - Mediators  Non functional properties  Source component The source component defines one of the two logically connected entities.  Target component The target component defines one of the two logically connected entities.  Mediation Service The mediation service points to a goal that declarative describes the mapping or to a wwMediator that links to a web service that actually implements the mapping.  Reduction A reduction only exists in a wwMediator or a ggMediator. It describes in a logical formula the differences between the functionality described in the goal and the one of the web service (if any) or another goal.

20. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 20 WSMO Del 2 – Web Service  Capability  A capability defines the web service by means of its functionality.  Interfaces  An interface extends the description of the capability to a higher level of complexity.  Groundings  A grounding specifies how to access the service. It has mainly to do with protocol and message formats, serialization, transport and addressing. The grounding is a mapping from the abstract specification to a concrete specification of the elements that describe a service, which are required for interacting with the service.

21. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 21 WSMO Del 2 – Capability  Non functional properties  Used mediators By importing ontologies, a capability can make use of concepts and relations defined elsewhere. A capability can import ontologies using ontology mediators (ooMediators). A capability can be linked to a goal using a wgMediator.  Pre-conditions Pre-conditions in WSMO describe what a web service expects for enabling it to provide its service. They define conditions over the input.  Post-conditions Post-conditions in WSMO describe what a web service returns in response to its input. They define the relation between the input and the output.  Assumptions Assumptions are similar to pre-conditions, however, also reference aspects of the state of the world beyond the actual input.  Effects Effects describe the state of the world after the execution of the service.

22. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 22 WSMO Del 2 – Interfaces  Non functional parameters  Errors  Choreography defines the sequence and conditions under which multiple cooperating proxies exchange information in order to achieve some useful function.  A proxy is defined as being either a goal or a wwMediator. Proxies are used when a web service invokes other web services in order to provide its service. Each time a web service needs to be invoked, a proxy needs to be declared (by either declaring a goal or linking it to a wwMediator). This way both dynamic (on the fly) composition (by declaring proxies consisting of goals descriptions) and static composition (by linking proxies to wwMediators) are supported.  In addition, choreography describes an access to the intermediate states of the service. Very related to choreography are data and control flow – both implementing the external accessible part of the business logic of the web service.  Compensation  When an invoked service fails (i.e. an error code is returned), the service that invoked it may implement a strategy for compensation. The compensation in fact represents either a wwMediator or a goal.  Message exchange  A message exchange pattern describes the temporal and causal relationships, if any, of multiple messages exchanged.

23. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 23 WSMO Del 2 – Language F-Logic combines the advantages of conceptual high-level approaches typical for frame-based language and the expressiveness, the compact syntax, and the well defined semantics from logics.  it provides a standard model theory  it is a full first order logic language  it provides second order syntax while staying in the first order logic semantics  it has a minimal model semantics  implemented inference engines are already available.

24. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 24 SDK-CLuster - Mission  Strengthening European Research and Industry in Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services  Working towards international standardization together with US-based DAML  Promoting project‘s research results to industry and academia through joint dissemination  Strengthening world-wide research and standardization in Semantic Web and Semantic Web Services field

25. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 25 SDK-CLuster - Projects  SEKT (Semantically-Enabled Knowledge Technologies) http://sekt.semanticweb.org/  DIP (Data, Information and Process with Semantic Web Services) http://www.nextwebgeneration.org/projects/ dip/  Knowledge Web http://knowledgeweb.semanticweb.org/  Aligned with SWWS and DERI

26. Copyright © 2004 DERI® 26 SDK-CLuster - WSMO  We will set up a SDK-cluster working group on WSMO in March 2004.  Chairs will be Christoph Bussler and Dieter Fensel  It will be open to all members of SEKT, DIP, Knowledge Web, SWWS, and DERI.  We are also open to experts in the field from outside of these projects.  After having achieved significant results we may further cooperate with initiatives such as SWSI, W3C, and OASIS.