1. Chapter 5
Energy

2. Energy and Work Energy – the ability to cause change.
Kinetic energy – energy in the form of motion.
Potential energy – stored energy.
Work – the transfer of energy through motion.
Work = Force x Distance
W = FD
Units = Joules (Newtons x meters)

3. Conservation of Energy
Mechanical energy – the total amount of kinetic and potential energy in a system.
Law of conservation of energy – states that energy can change form but it cannot be created or destroyed under ordinary conditions.

4. Human Energy
Calorie – a unit used by nutritionists to measure how much energy we get from specific foods.
1 calorie ( = 1 kilocalorie) – 4180 Joules.
Each gram of fat supplies 9 calories of energy.

5. Temperature and Heat
Temperature – a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter.
Thermal energy – is the total energy of the particles in a material.
Heat – the thermal (or internal) energy that flows from something with a higher temperature to something with a lower temperature. (i.e. heat is energy transferred between objects at different temperatures.

6. Thermal Pollution
Thermal pollution – when waste heat significantly changes the temperature of the environment.

7. Measuring Thermal Energy
Specific heat – amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1o C.
Thermal Energy Equation
Q = mc∆T
Q is change in thermal energy
m is mass
c is specific heat
∆ is the final temp. – the initial temp.