1. Mean science score, Last year of secondary school First International Science Study, 1969

6. Pisa Math And Science Scores, 15-year olds, 2006

7. % of Graduate Degrees Awarded in Math and Sciences, 2005, OECD Nations

10. Average NAEP Reading Scale Scores, By Race and Age

11. NAEP 8th Grade Science Scores, by Race, Ethnicity and Parents' Highest Level of Education, 2005

12. Students Meeting State and National 8th-Grade Math Standards, by State: 2005

13. Extreme Poverty Population: $1.25\day, 1981-2005 (millions)

14. Regional and World Poverty Rates: $1.25\day 1981-05

17. What is Poverty? In 1963-1964, Molly Orshansky based poverty thresholds on the “thrifty food plan”, Thrifty food budget (family of 4) = $1,033 Families spent 1/3 of their budget on food. 1963 Poverty level = $3,100 Subsequent years, adjusted for CPI inflation index

19. 2009 Poverty thresholds Persons in familyPoverty guideline 1$10,830 214,570 318,310 422,050 525,790 629,530 733,270 837,010 For families with more than 8 persons, add $3,740 for each additional perso

20. Problems with definition of Poverty Wealth and debt not counted Unusual family expenditures not counted. Regional living costs Families now spend only 1/6 th income on food MEASURING INCOME……….

21. Measuring Income “money income” before taxes, including wages, salaries, interest, dividends, self-employment income, welfare payments (TANF), unemployment insurance, and social security payments. Poverty Report from March Current Population Survey, 50,000 households Poverty Report

22. Problems with the Definition of Family Income Income not counted: Food Stamps, Medicaid & Medicare, Public Housing, Earned Income Tax Credit Persons not counted: the institutionalized, Army barracks, unrelated individuals under 15

23. Problems defining “Family” Must be related Family defined in March, BUT Income, defined in previous year Unrelated children individual counted as neither poor nor non-poor.

24. Overcounting the poor? Inflation adjustment overestimates inflation. Food stamps not counted as income. Other in-kind benefits (which have increased overtime) not counted. (Housing, Medical). Earned Income Tax Credit not counted. Under reporting of income.

25. Undercounting the Poor? Food now takes 1/6 of typical budget. High regional living costs Unusual family living costs (e.g., medical) Increased FICA (social security) taxes Sample under-represents poor

26. US Poverty Rates, by Age, 1959-2008

27. Persons in female-headed families, Number (millions) and Poverty rate, 1959-08

28. Measures of Income Change, 1973-2005* 19732005 % change Per capita income $12,204$25,036 105 Mean household income 46,26863,344 37 Median household income 40,00846,326 16 Median earnings, men** 42,57341,386 -3 Median personal income: men, ages 35-44** 45,78540,964 -11 women ages, 35-44** 15,64225,435 63 *in constant 2005 dollars ** full-time year-round workers

29. Males 15 yrs and Older, Mean and Median Income: 1972-2007

31. Median Income, Males Age 25-34, 1947-2007 (constant 2007 $)

32. Median Income, Age 25-34, by sex 1947-2007 (constant 2007 $)

33. % share of Household income