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Physical versus Chemical Properties The study of matter Adapted by NCDPI – Unit 2 Matter All Around us.

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Presentation on theme: "Physical versus Chemical Properties The study of matter Adapted by NCDPI – Unit 2 Matter All Around us."— Presentation transcript:

1 Physical versus Chemical Properties The study of matter Adapted by NCDPI – Unit 2 Matter All Around us

2 Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space –Mass – the amount of matter in something –Volume – the amount of space something occupies Which of the following is matter? –A car? –A box? –You? Reviewing MATTER

3 What is a property? Property: a characteristic of a substance that can be observed

4 Physical Property Physical property: a property that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. Examples: luster malleability: the ability to be hammered into a thin sheet ductility: the ability to be stretched into a wire melting point boiling point density solubility specific heat

5 Special Physical Properties Melting point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid at a given pressure water = 0 o C or 32ºF https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fc1.staticflickr.com%2F3%2F2553%2F3762687310_9a98912066_z.jpg %3Fzz%3D1&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Fstevendepolo%2F3762687310%2F&docid=zWwuOvF sLfk-wM&tbnid=MCq9jvJrpgPYzM%3A&w=640&h=427&ei=dRY7VOfbJ_O88QGa9YHIAQ&ved=0CAIQxiAwAA&iact=c

6 Special Physical Properties Boiling point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas at a given pressure water = 100 o C or 212ºF

7 Chemical Properties Chemical property: a property that can only be observed by changing the identity of the substance Examples: Flammability ability to rust reactivity with vinegar

8 Density Density is the amount of mass per unit of volume. (how much matter is packed together) Density can be used to identify a substance. The density of water is 1.0g/mL

9 Density Examples Helium filled balloons are less dense than density of air Hydrometer is used to test the density of Antifreeze.

10 Density – more examples How can you float 7 different liquids in layers?

11 Density Calculations Calculations: D = m/V = g/mL = g/cm 3 Ex: A cube has a mass of 2.8 g and occupies a volume of 3.67 ml. Would this object float or sink in water? Mass = 2.8 gVolume = 3.67 mL D = 2.8g/3.67 mL= 0.76 g/mL –This object would float in water because its density is less than water (1.0 g/mL).

12 More Density Calculations Ex: A liquid has a mass of 25.6 g and a volume of 31.6 mL. Use the table below to identify the substance. M=25.6 gV=31.6 mL D = 25.6 g/31.6 mL D= 0.81 g/mL The substance is ethanol.

13 Specific Heat Specific Heat is the amount of energy needed to raise one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius http://arenahanna.wordpress.com/specific-heat-energy/

14 Solubility Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve (become trapped in) another substance. Solubility is based on polarity (the distribution of charge in a compound). https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl

15 Solubility A solution is formed when one substance dissolves in another substance. The substance that “dissolved” is called the solute. The substance that is “doing the dissolving” is called the solvent. Water is the universal solvent.

16 Polarity Polarity is an uneven distribution of charges in a molecule. Ex. Water molecule Polar compounds will dissolve other polar compounds as well as ionic compounds. Non- polar compounds will dissolve other nonpolar compounds. Water is polar and Oil is nonpolar. Their molecules do not attract each other.


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