1. © Copyright 2001-2005, TopQuadrant Inc. "Semantic Technology and Ontology Engineering for Enterprise Architecture" Ralph Hodgson, TopQuadrant Enterprise Architecture Summit May 22-24, Miami, Florida.

2. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 1 Introductions – Ralph Hodgson  Object Technologist since 1982  Came to US in 1994 to create IBM’s Object Technology Practice  Founding member of IBM’s Java and Emerging Technology Practice and IBM’s Portal Practice  Co-founder of TopQuadrant, Inc. in 2001  leading research consultancy and trusted intermediary for the intelligent application of semantic technologies  Recent work:  NASA on Space Engineering Ontologies for model-based life-cycle support  GSA on FEA-RMO ontologies Ralph Hodgson TopQuadrant, Inc. E-mail: rhodgson@topquadrant.comrhodgson@topquadrant.com www.topquadrant.com (703) 960-1028

3. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 2 Model-Based Support for Vehicle and Mission Support Life-Cycles Capture constraints Expand to create Detailed model Simulation & Test What if Scenario (invention) Requirements Definition Operate / UpgradeBuild/TestDesign Model-based Procurement Typical lifecycle Model-based Operations & Sustaining Engineering

4. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 3 The Problems of Engineering Complex Systems NASA and Contractor Personnel NASA Systems EO SDSKSC PRACAJSC PRACAGFE PRACA SEDS MRCS CVAS CV WAVE TAIR System Lifecycle Operate Maintain Upgrade Design Manufacture Test Learn Acquisition : Analysis, Trades, Decision Support, Lessons Learned Command and Control, Incident Management System Engineering: Reliability, Performance, Risk Mitigation, Impact Analysis, FMEA Acquisition : Analysis, Trades, Decision Support, Lessons Learned

5. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 4 Our Worldview  Too many applications are being built with proprietary structures that are non-interoperable  Many are busy mapping across islands using at best databases, and XML, but at worst documents and spreadsheets  Semantic technology is a key enabler for realizing the renewed vision of space exploration:  System interoperability  Model-based systems engineering  Organizational memory  Knowledge reuse

6. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 5 The Solution  Ontology Architecture  Enterprise-wide, Lifecycle-wide, “Incremental and Iterative”  Ontology Models  Model-based support of engineering activities - multi-discipline  Build Semantic Engine Infrastructure  Needs you to  start learning, start thinking “federated”, deploy early and often NASA Knowledge sources EO SDSKSC PRACAJSC PRACAGFE PRACA JEEVES MRCS CVAS CV SEDS NASA Knowledge Hub Knowledge Advisor Profiles Space Engineering Ontologies TAIR

7. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 6 Coverage  NASA Ontologies  NASA Ontology Examples  Examples of Use  COVE - Collaborative Ontology Visualization and Evolution environment  iLoc - Insight Locator  Semantic Enterprise Architecture  Semantic IT Governance

8. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 7 NASA Ontologies OntologyDescriptionExample concepts nasa_coreCommon root concepts across all of NASA Artifact, Activity, Document, Initiative, Mission, Organization, Technology, Vehicle nasa_eaEnterprise architecture concepts Enterprise, Governance, Process, Role, Process, Task, Workproduct nasa_systemSystem concepts System, Component, Capability, Function, Behavior, Intent nasa_technologySpecific technologies of interest to NASA Software Technology, Propulsion, Power, Thermal Protection, Life Support Technology nasa_disciplineNasa disciplines Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Space Engineering, Thermal Dynamics, … nasa_sbaSimulation-based acquisition Cost, Performance, RFI, RFP, Risk, Tradeoff ………

9. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 8 Models and Namespaces: NASA Ontologies  Enterprise  Information  Technology  Structure,  Electrical,  Hydraulic,  Thermal,  …  Lifecycle  Social  Competencies  Critical Skills  Human Organizational Risks

10. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 9 NASA CORE – common foundation

11. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 10 NASA System Ontology SBF(I) model – System has structure, behavior, function and intent

12. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 11 Example of Space Shuttle Ontology

13. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 12 NASA Enterprise Ontology Document-Centric  Knowledge-Centric

14. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 13 Some associations in the NASA Enterprise Architecture Process Ontology Task Goal Role Measure Agent Process

15. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 14 Soon you have many ontologies to manage The NASA models: content and schema dependencies and governance

16. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 15 Content OWL files –Automated WADS Engine (AWE) The Automated WADS Environment (AWE) solution uses a knowledge model in the form of an Ontology with rules to aggregate and process data from existing multiple electrical component databases. Schema dependencies

17. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 16 Operations Governance and Learning AWE AWE Integrates all Stakeholders, Information Sources and Processes Maintain Rules Constructs and updates rules Uses AWE’s rules to generate WADs OEL Engineer NASA OEL Engineer Generate WAD Evolve MLOs and MRs PR WAD Design Center System Engineer Rules Engine Knowledge Model Document Generator Interoperability Engine MLOs and MRs Revise for New Contraints, Lessons Learned OEL System Engineer Constructs and updates MLOs Document Routing

18. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 17 Ontology Lifecycle Management Environments - COVE and TopBraid respond to the need:  “How can I deploy simple web forms to my team”  “How can I manage and version control multiple ontologies”  “How can I administer who can contribute data to our ontologies”  “How can I move concepts between name spaces and propagate the change to all dependent ontologies”  “How can I manage the provenance of who contributed what”  “How do I bring together different content sources from different contexts”

19. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 18 Ontology Lifecycle Management Environments Schemas Content Use COVE TopBRAID Protégé SWOOPEXCEL Export Feedback XML Views Bridges Views

20. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 19 Features of COVE and TopBRAID:  Thin-Client  Web access for entry of instance data  Ontology Management  Datasets  Ontology-Driven entry forms TopBraid – RDF Gateway Server COVE - Websphere Portal Select one or more ontologies Select subset of classes Add instance data Download one or more OWL files. Control access of files. Import/Export with ontology editors e.g.: Protégé or SWOOP Load triples Convert Excel Spreadsheets, XML, Databases, and Taxonomies Assistance in merging ontologies Re-factoring across namespaces Construct Ontology Bridges Save modified Ontologies as RDF or OWL files. Import/Export of Datasets Merge Datasets Rights to view, edit and manage files assigned at the user or group level. Full form mode, or Express entry of instances Tabular entry Viewpoints

21. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 20 TopBraid™: Dataset Builder

22. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 21 TopBraid™: Ontologies and Datasets

23. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 22 NASA COVE – Browsing Classes Merged Ontologies Select transitive relation for tree view

24. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 23 NASA COVE – Creating a Directorate Directorates from NASA taxonomy

25. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 24 Features of COVE and TopBraid – Dynamic Hierarchies Instances of ‘board’ being authored at KSC

26. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 25 TopBRAID – Ontology-Driven Forms Instances of ‘Application’ being authored at KSC

27. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 26 COVE Lessons  Schema work and content work are different  Schemas are hard work – verification and validation  Content is everywhere  Model Management is key  Viewpoints  Dependencies  Bridges  Lens  Model-building is collaborative  Communities are key  Dependencies  Feedback and Feed-forward  Governance is essential – does not mean centralization but facilitation  Namespace management  Model merging and splitting  Notifications

28. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 27 NASA’s Ontology-Based Insight Locator  Ontology-Based Environments are Collaborative Environments  iLoc is a semantic-based multi-peer environment (p2p, c/s) for model-based collaborative work

29. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 28 Many needs for Semantic Collaborative Environments  Ontology Lifecycle Management Environments  System Engineers Workbench  Mission Planners Workbench  Community of Practice Environments  Enterprise Architects Workbench  IT Governance Workbench TopBRAID, COVE iLoc-OE iLoc-SE iLoc-MP SCOPE TopSCAPE-EA™ TopSCAPE-ITG™

30. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 29 Platform Infrastructure Workgroup Enablement Semantic Collaborative Environment Architecture Virtual Project Room Realtime Collaboration Alerts Member Awareness Workspace Social Networks Meetings Roles Work Settings Choreography Artifacts Application Sharing Activities Tools Tools Registry Whiteboard Decision Support Editors Query Manager Knowledge Enablement Ontology Registry Archival Case Library Categorization Search Graphics 3D-Engine 2D-Engine GIS EventManagement Timelines Calendar Semantic Infrastructure Semantic Engine p2p Metadata Replicator RSS Triple Store Remote Sync Eclipse JXTA JENA Semantic Blogs

31. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 30 Front-End of the Life-Cycle: Simulation-Based Acquisition Proposals Scope Annotate Validate NEXiOM Models feedback re. quality feedback re. IDTs feedback re. relevance for strategic planning, capital planning, risk management and partnering Discipline-Based Tooling Decisions and recommendations for improvement and partnering Ontology- Based Proposal Repository Assessment and Trades C. Potential for reuse of Technologies and Components A. Program area supported? B. Assess Performance, Risk and Cost across disciplines? Proposal Assessment Ontology-Based Import D. Synergies for partnering

32. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 31 Electrical Power Analysis iLoc Simulation-Based Acquisition Environment IDT DB TopSCAPE Discipline Ontology Models NExIOM Ontology Models SI T2 SI T1 RFx DB WS Mapping Translation Models IL AL BL IL AL BL SI WSWS Semantic Application Interaction Logic Application Logic Semantic Interface Cost Modeling COVE WSWS Ontology Authoring Performance Modeling Risk Modeling Trade-Offs Analysis Structure and Connectivity Electrical Power Analysis WSWS WSWS WSWS WSWS WSWS

33. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 32 Operations End of the Life-cycle – Semantic Command and Control Environment (SCCE) screenshots from Sherrill-Lubinski’s SL-GMS The Launch Controller (LC) looks for weather and ice conditions that can affect the checkout for launch, using a high-level summary-level dashboard, called the ICE display. A condition occurs in the fueling operations and LC asks an engineer in the firing room to look into fuelling operations. The Firing Room Engineer (FRE) has a more detailed view of the fueling operation and notices some alarm messages on the hypergolic flows. FRE asks a Hydraulics Engineer to monitor a dashboard of the Fuel Tank. The Hydraulics Engineer switches to a more detail view of the hypergolic fluids supplies and discovers a leaking valve problem.

34. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 33 Semantic Command and Control: Knowledge-Based Capabilities

35. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 34 Semantic Command and Control: Conceptual Architecture Collaborative Mission Control Knowledge Base Semantic Engine SCCE Capabilities Launch Data Bus NASA Networks NASA Grid

36. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 35 Business Management Organization Business Activity Business Process Capability Resource Semantic Enterprise Architecture Business Environment

37. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 36 Semantic Enterprise Architecture Environments: Lifting the “lid on the enterprise” Enterprise Architecture is a “System of Systems”

38. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 37 Ontology Approach to Enterprise Architecture  Bridges the gaps between business, technology and IT  Makes Value Nets “Navigate-able”  Makes Capabilities “Knowledge-able”  Makes Components “Knowledge-able”  Uses Semantic-Enabled Collaborative Tools Component knows: where it is used, how it is realized, what it depends on, its measures of effectiveness Knowledge Model using Semantic Technology Behavior Model for inferencing Federated Architecture Analytical Tools Decision Support Capability knows: why it exists, what enterprise activities need it used, what it depends on, its measures of effectiveness “Line of Sight” across: extended enterprise business units within business units to measures of effectiveness “Connects the dots” across: Business, technology and IT models

39. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 38 Semantic Enterprise Architecture Business Reference Model (BRM) Lines of Business Agencies, Customers, Partners Service Component Reference Model (SRM) Service Layers, Service Types Components, Access and Delivery Channels Technical Reference Model (TRM) Service Component Interfaces, Interoperability Technologies, Recommendations Data Reference Model (DRM) Business-focused data standardization Cross-Agency Information exchanges Performance Reference Model (PRM) Government-wide Performance Measures & Outcomes Line of Business-Specific Performance Measures & Outcomes Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) Business-Driven Approach (Citizen-Centered Focus) Component-Based Architectures

40. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 39 Semantic Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) Capabilities Manager in early 2003 Knowledge About: Agencies FEA EA300 Partnerships Capabilities Components Selected Capabilities Recommended Partnering Published Capabilities

41. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 40 Ontology-Based EA Registry: TopSCAPE-EA FEA and DOD extensions Select either FEA Ontology or Agency- Specific Ontologies Service specifications with links to more details Search over all models for concepts Demonstration at www.topquadrant.com/EAworld/index.htm

42. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 41 TopSCAPE-EA: Search Example – “Quality” Search results show FEA path Demonstration at www.topquadrant.com/EAworld/index.htm

43. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 42 TopSCAPE-EA Example of DOD extensions to FEA Agency-specific extensions shown “green” Hot links to TRM areas

44. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 43 Mapping Components to the FEA Models - 1 Available elements from merged reference models

45. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 44 Mapping Components to the FEA Models - 2

46. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 45 Mapping Components to the FEA Models - 3

47. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 46 FEA-RMO delivers “Line of Sight” fea: Mission fea: intentOf fea: Agency brm: provides brm: SubFunction fea: hasIntent brm: hasProcess brm: Process brm: usesResource brm: Resource brm: hasPerformance prm: PerformanceMeasure prm:hasIndicator prm: GenericMeasurementIndicator fea: Customer prm:hasSpecialization prm: OperationalizedMeasurementIndicator brm: hasCustomer srm: Service brm: realizedWith

48. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 47 A New Way for OMB and Agencies to do Budget Proposals Proposed Business Case Scope Validate Assess FEA Reference Models feedback re. quality feedback re. use feedback re. relevance for strategic planning, capital planning, & risk management Metrics Recommendations for improvement and partnering Ontology- Based Budget Proposal Repository Validate Value Proposition C. Potential for reuse of Technologies and Components A. Business Area and LOB supported? B. Number of proposals with same capabilities? Budget Proposal Assessment FEA Ontology-Based Import D. Synergies for partnering Adapted from: Dr. Michael J. Kurtz, “The Role of Electronic Records Management in Implementing eGovernment: Electronic Records and the Federal Enterprise Architecture”, NARA, 4/15/04 Assessment down from 3 months to 7 weeks Re-submit period up from 1 week to 6 weeks - allowing time for collaborations to be negotiated

49. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 48 Semantic IT Governance TopSCAPE-ITG Web-Services Web Services Active Models CC FEA Models Government Agencies Analytics Engine Web Web-Services Business Cases Partnerships and Projects OWL Analytics Broker CC Rules and Policies Capabilities and Components Component Registries Forms and Documents OWL IT Governance Dashboard CC Decision Support Advisor Dynamic Forms Broker CC Business Case Constructor CC

50. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 49 FEA-RMO Lessons  Good natural language Reference Models help ontology development  Modeling Principles and Patterns are key – often evolve iteratively  Modular Architecture benefits concurrent lifecycle management  OWL works and reasoning pays off in generic code  Semantic Applications can be built quickly

51. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 50 Semantic Technology is “Here and Now”  Semantic Technology can help enterprises that face issues analogous to NASA to:  Organize, resource, and manage complex, long-term programs  Develop products, systems, services, infrastructure that are smarter and more sustainable  Better direct and control acquisition of major systems and capabilities across a lifecycle  Integrate, interoperate, orchestrate complex processes across extended enterprise  Enable model-based collaborative environments such as virtual design centers, decision support environments for acquisitions, distributed operations

52. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 51 References  Dean Allemang, Irene Polikoff, Ralph Hodgson, Paul Keller, Jason Duley and Paul Chang: “COVE – Collaborative Ontology Visualization and Evolution”, IEEE Aerospace Conference, Montana, 2005  http://www.aeroconf.org/aeroupload/finishedpdf/F1458_2.pdf http://www.aeroconf.org/aeroupload/finishedpdf/F1458_2.pdf  TopQuadrant White Paper on FEA-RMO, 2/21/2005  http://www.topquadrant.com/tq_ea_solutions.htm http://www.topquadrant.com/tq_ea_solutions.htm

53. TopQuadrant © Copyright 2001 -2005 TopQuadrant Inc., “Semantic Technology and EA”, slide 52 Q & A Ralph Hodgson E-mail: rhodgson@topquadrant.comrhodgson@topquadrant.com www.topquadrant.com (703) 960-1028