1. Frequency of COP cells in control mice (caALK2) #1#2#3#4Average (%) Baseline (WT) undetectable0.340.17 Baseline (caALK2) 0.25 Day 20.210.200.21 Day 70.920.400.840.520.67 Day 140.440.360.270.480.38 Control mice: received Ade-Cre and cardiotoxin but no treatment Baseline: no injection

3. COP cells in patients with fractures Objective - to measure the frequency of COP cells in patients with fracture(s) - COP cells in acute fracture phase (within 7 days after the fracture) vs. in stable phase (in 12 weeks after the fracture) - longitudinal comparison within subjects

4. COP cells in fracture patient #1 71 yo female, samples obtained on day 1 after right femoral fracture, no significant co-morbidity

5. COP cells in fracture patient #2 51 yo male, samples obtained on day 2 after left humeral fracture