1. US I CPA
Do Now
Complete the primary source cartoon analysis handout. (3 minutes)
1)How did the cotton industry impact the wealth of the South and the institution of slavery?
2) Analyze the Missouri Compromise, the Election of 1824, and the Election of 1828.
HW – Complete Chapter 4.4 and 5 Study Guide

2. Cotton Gin

3. Impact of the US Cotton Industry in the 1800s
Chapter 5 Section 3

4. Objectives
1) How did the cotton industry impact the wealth of the South and the institution of slavery?
2)How were African Americans impacted by the cotton industry and why did they rebel? Explain if the rebellions were successful.

5. The Southern Economy Thrived on the production of major cash crops
Tobacco – Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee.
Rice Paddies – Coastal South Carolina and Georgia
Sugarcane – Louisiana and Texas
Cotton – inland South Carolina, western Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and into Eastern Texas
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin revolutionized cotton processing
Quickly pulled the seeds out of cotton balls
Mills were opening in England and France and they wanted all the cotton available

6. Cotton Becomes King Why was cotton identified with a king? 1792 1860
6,000 bales of cotton produced
1860
4 million bales produced
Sold for 191 million dollars in Europe – Modern equivalent is billions of dollars
2/3 of the total exports from the United States abroad
Made southern planters rich
Increased slavery in the South
Congress had outlawed slave trade in 1808
Why did number of enslaved people continue to increase?
– slavery increased in the South from about 1.5 to 4 million

8. Industry Lags in the South
The south became prosperous from agriculture
It did not industrialize as quickly as the North
Remained a region of rural villages and plantations
Three large cities: Baltimore, Charleston, and New Orleans
Industry in the South
Coal, iron, salt, cooper mines, as well as ironworks and textile mills
Still relied heavily on imported goods
The south accounted for only 16% of the nations manufacturing total of the US.

9. Society in the South Rigid and defined class structure
Planters at the top owned large plantations
1850 Census
Of 6 million, 347,725 were slaveholders
37,000 were planters
Defined as those who held 20 or more enslaved people
Fewer than 8,000 planters held 50 or more people in slavery; only 11 held 500 or more.
Wealthy landowners represented less than half of one percent
Dominated regions economy and its political system

10. (Doctors, Lawyers, and merchants)
White Rural poor,
(Less than 10%)
Urban Class
(Doctors, Lawyers, and merchants)
Yeoman Farmers
(Majority of White Population
African Americans 93% Enslaved
(3.6 million)
Plantation Owners
(.5 percent)

11. Slavery Rice and cotton plantations depended on enslaved labor
Considered chattel
Majority worked in fields
Others worked as skilled workers
Servants in Homes
Few legal rights, could not do the following: own property, move freely, sign contracts, bring a lawsuit, possess firearms, testify in court, learn to read or write

13. Plantation Life Task System Gang System
Enslaved workers performed a specific task
Had a choice for the remainder of the day
Could earn money as artisans
Personal gardens
Adopted as plantations grew
Organized in labor gangs
Worked sunrise to sunset
Plowing, planting, cultivating, or picking based on the season
Driver acted as the director of the work gang
Often they were enslaved

14. Southern Social Structure (1800s) – Place Enslaved People, Yeoman Farmers, and plantation owners on the social pyramid.

16. Frederick Douglas Formerly Enslaved Prominent anti-slavery leader
“My natural elasticity was crushed; my intellect languished; the disposition to read departed; the cheerful spark that lingered about my eye died; the dark night of slavery closed in upon me, and behold a man transformed to a brute.
From the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas

17. Enslaved Women and Children
Women worked long hard days in the fields or in the plantation house: maids, nannies, cooks
Many responsibilities and scrutiny by plantations owners
Some enslaved women cared for other enslaved women’s children in nurseries
When family relationships were involved they also cooked for their families
Young children were not able to play with the owner’s children
As soon as they were old enough they were given chores.
They were not allowed to attend school
There were rare occasions when some children learned to read.

18. Free African Americans (The South)
By 1850, some 225,000 free African Americans resided in the South
Most lived in cities in Maryland and Virginia
Some were descendants of indentured servants from the 1700s.
Some earned freedom fighting for the American Revolution
Others were half white children of slaveholders
Some individuals had been freed
Some bought freedom for themselves and their families
Ambiguous freedom – differed from state to state
Some states required licensees to preach and own firearms
Cecee McCarty – New Orleans – dry goods – held 32 enslaved people

19. Free African American (The North)
Slavery was outlawed
Not totally accepted in White Society
Could organize churches, volunteer associations, publish newspapers, and earn money from the jobs they held
James Forteen – owned a sail factory and amassed a fortune
Devoted much of his wealth to abolishing slavery

20. African American Culture
Songs were important
Often criticized slavery and expressed hope for the future, without the slave owners knowledge.
Also played a key aspect in religion
African Rhythms influenced Rock, Jazz, Hip Hop, Ragtime, etc.
By early 1800s a large number of African Americans were Christian
Services centered on having a better life in the next world.

22. Resistance and Rebellion
Rebellions, work slowdowns, broken tools, set fire to homes and barns
Some ran away and risked brutal beatings or mutilations
Gabriel Prosser
Learned to read and became very religious
Inspired by the Israelites struggle for freedom
Planned to capture Richmond – his followers made their own weapons an ammunition
Planned to kill all whites except the French, Methodist, and Quaker residents
Weather thwarted their attack
Governor James Monroe’s state militia captured Poser
Poser and 34 others were hanged

23. Resistance and Rebellion Cont…
Denmark Vesey
Operated a woodworking shop in Charleston, SC
Accused of planning an armed revolt
Vesey was tried convicted and hanged
Nat Turner
Enslaved minister who led an armed uprising
Killed more than 50 men, women, and children before state and local troops stopped the uprising.
As a result many state adopted even harsher restrictions on both enslaved an free African Americans.

24. How does this represent sectionalism in the United States?

25. Objective Review Directions – Write on a separate sheet of paper.
1) How did the cotton industry impact the wealth of the South and the institution of slavery?
2)How were African Americans impacted by the cotton industry and why did they rebel? Explain if the rebellions were successful.