1. Pages 313-316 Women in Public Life
Chapter 9 Part 2
Pages
Women in Public Life

2. Terms to Know
NACW
Suffrage
Susan B. Anthony
NAWSA

3. During the Progressive Period
Women expanded their role in Public Life
Before the Civil War
Women devoted themselves to their homes and families
Upper class and middle class women did not normally work outside of the home

4. Women and Work Poorer women had to work outside of the home
Women on farms had all the Household duties: cleaning, cooking, sewing, laundry, etc.
AND took care of livestoce and often plowed and harvested

5. Women in Industry Men’s labor unions rejected women
Women made about ½ the wages of men for similar work
½ of all working women were in the garment industry
Long hours, poor wages, unsafe conditions

6. But Women who needed jobs flocked to the towns and cities
By /5 of all American women worked
25% of them were in manufacturing

7. Pink Collar Jobs Some required a High School diploms
By 1890 more women than men had graduated from high school
Some even attended new business schools Bookkeepers, stenographers, typists

8. Domestic Workers For those without skills or an education
Cleaning, washing, cooking and serving other families
Many former women slaves were domestic servants
By % of all working women were in domestic service

9. Women and Reform Movements
Reform needed in the workplace
Wages, Conditions, Hours
The fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Co.
146 were needlessly killed

10. By 1910 Women’s Clubs Middle-class women, many educated
Many took a leadership role in reform:
Child Labor
Prohibition
Civil Rights for the Freed Black population
Women’s Rights

11. Higher Education for Women
New Women’s Colleges:
Vasser by 1860s
Smith and Wellesley by 1875
Columbia, Harvard and Brown did not admit women but DID open separate colleges for them

12. By Late 19th Century Marriage was not the only option
About ½ of college-educated women never married
Many devoted themselves to Reform Movements: the workplace, housing, education, food and drug laws

13. African American Women
Founded the NACW: the National Association of Colored Women in 1896
Set up Nurseries, Kindergartens, reading rooms

14. Seneca Falls Convention 1848
Wrote the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments
Demanded equality across the board

15. 1869 The Movement Split
Over the 14th and 15th Amendments which did not extend the rights of citizenship or the vote to women
Some women continued to support the above and also work for their own amendment But others would not support the above because women were not included

16. The NWSA National Women’s Suffrage Association
Founded by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Others: Lucy Stone & Julia Ward Howe (Battle Hymn of the Republic)

17. Those Opposed to Women Suffrage
Whiskey Distillers: worried that if women had the vote, prohibition would be next
Those who employed child workers worried that women would put an end to child labor
Others who like women in their traditional role

18. Strategy for Suffrage 1. Through the state legislatures: 1869 Wyoming
1890’s Idaho, Utah, Colorado
Then it stalled

19. Strategies for Suffrage
Through the courts
Test cases for citizenship and 14th Amend.
In 1871 and 1872 the Courts ruled that women were citizens but they were not given the vote
Anthony and others voted illegally 150 times in 10 states to test the law

20. Strategy Women worked for a constitutional amendment Had to wait
The 19th amendment in 1920