Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
NORTH AMERICA DEFINING THE REALM IN THIS CHAPTER
Spectacular Scenery— Natural Wealth The American Creed Bilingualism in Canada The Geography of Home Foreclosures Immigration and the Future of Multiculturalism
2
NORTH AMERICA Population Clusters
Cultural Pluralism—people of different cultures live adjacent to each other but do not mix Canada East and South Asian United States Hispanic (16%) African American (13%) Other Ethnic Backgrounds Current US Population = million +
3
NORTH AMERICA’S PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Physiographic Regions Plains Coastal Plains Gulf-Atlantic Coastal Arctic Coastal Plain Interior Plains Interior Lowlands Great Plains Canadian Shield Mountains and Highlands Appalachian Highlands Interior Highlands Rocky Mountains Intermountain Basins and Plateaus Pacific Mountains and Valleys
4
NORTH AMERICA Climates
Diversity of Environments Tropical A Southern tip of Florida Moist coastal zones C East Coast—humid Cfa West Coast—Cs and Cfb Arid Interior and West B Vegetation Scrub and brush Great Plains Northern D and Polar E Rain Shadow Effect West coast eastside of inland mountains Moisture-laden air arrives from the Pacific, precipitation on mountainous west, dry on east
5
NORTH AMERICA Native Americans and European Settlement
Native Americans—U.S. First Nations—Canada Metis Inuit European Britain France Languages English is Lingua Franca; enhances mobility within realm
6
NORTH AMERICA Predominant Religions
Baptists Southeast from Texas to Virginia Lutherans Upper Midwest Northern Great Plains Methodists Lower Midwest Mormons Interior West centered on Utah Roman Catholics United States Southwest—Hispanics Northeast—Irish and Italians Canada Quebec Federal States Canada 10 Provinces, 3 Territories United States 50 States
7
NORTH AMERICA Distribution of Natural Resources
Water: rivers, lakes, ice Minerals—concentrated in three zones: Canadian Shield Iron ore, nickel, copper, gold, uranium, and diamonds Appalachians Iron ore, lead, and zinc Western Mountains Copper, lead, zinc, molybdenum, uranium, silver, and gold Fossil Fuels Oil and Natural Gas Coal
8
NORTH AMERICA Energy and Mineral Deposits
Oil/Natural Gas Production Areas: Gulf Coast Coastal zone and offshore Midcontinent District Western Texas to eastern Kansas Alaska’s North Slope Facing and extending below the Arctic Ocean Canada’s Northeastern Alberta (tar sands) Coal Reserves Appalachian Mountains Beneath the Great Plains Southern Midwest Rocky Mountains
9
NORTH AMERICA Industrialization and Urbanization
Industrial Revolution American Manufacturing Belt Areas of Growth Movement of Goods
10
NORTH AMERICA Deindustrialization and Suburbanization
Began in 1960s – loss of manufacturing (and jobs) due to automation Suburbanization Outer cities became destination for economic activity (suburbs) Information Economy Quaternary Sector Technology/Science/Business Centers Ex. Silicon Valley: NorCal global tech industry
11
NORTH AMERICA Polycentric Cities
Gentrification Limited return of more affluent residents Construction of multiple-use high-rises Displacement of low-income local residents Raise real estate value, taxes, living costs Often spark resistance and conflict Los Angeles example: Metropolis with 6 nodes (YOU are in North West/San Fernando) Effects of Great Recession Housing Loss/Negative Equity
12
NORTH AMERICA Multicultural Realm
Mobile Populations – East to SouthWest Migration – near constant immigration (large influx of people of Latino/Asian descent) Melting Pot or Mosaic Culture Melting Pot – assumed assimilation to norm culture Immigrant numbers in America sufficient to create durable societies within the national society, thus defying the melting pot idea (USA and Canada) Complex ethnic and cultural mosaic (in US large number of people with African/Hispanic descent, in Canada Asian and Montreal large French descent)
13
NORTH AMERICA REGIONS OF THE REALM
U.S.-Canada Cross-Border Linkages The Hispanicization of the Southwest The Natural Riches of the Northern Frontier Miami: South of the South China’s Impact on the Pacific Hinge The Alaskan Frontier and U.S. Geopolitics
14
NORTH AMERICA REGIONS OF THE REALM North American Core
Maritime Northeast French Canada Southeast Southwest Pacific Hinge Western Frontier Continental Interior Northern Frontier
15
NORTH AMERICA Canada’s Spatial Structure
Second largest country in the world territorially Atlantic Provinces Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia New Brunswick Newfoundland and Labrador Francophone Quebec Populous, heavily urbanized Ontario
16
NORTH AMERICA Canada’s Spatial Structure
Western Canada Prairie Provinces Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia Arctic North Yukon Northwest Territories Nunavut—”Our Land” Created in 1999 All of Canada’s Eastern Arctic Inuit People Population Clustered Along 300-km (200-mi) of U.S. border Along ocean shores Population pattern creates cross-border affinities with major American cities Toronto-Buffalo Windsor-Detroit Vancouver-Seattle
17
NORTH AMERICA Canada’s Cultural Contrasts
Capital—Ottawa Located on Ottawa River Between English-speaking Ontario and French-speaking Quebec English-Speaking Canada 60% of population Head of State Queen Elizabeth II Part of the British Commonwealth Represented by Governor General French-Speaking Canada 23% of population Quebec 80% French Canadian Historic, traditional, and emotional focus of French culture in Canada Nationalist movement Politics of Devolution Secession threat that weakens state (West vs. East)
18
NORTH AMERICA Canada: Ascendancy of Indigenous Peoples
First Nations 1.4 million native people (First Nations, Métis, and Inuit) Creation of Nunavut Treaties for self-government in northern British Columbia CreeHistoric domain covers the northern half of Quebec James Bay Hydroelectric Project Cree attempted to block construction Dropped opposition in return for income from electricity Secured the right to control their own economic and community development
19
Regionalism and Ethnicity in the United States
As compared with Canada… No serious contemporary campaign for secession, or withdrawal for political independence, since the Civil War. Indigenous peoples were weakened by westward push of European settlers: Loss of population and territory Little political power
20
NORTH AMERICA Regionalism and Ethnicity in the United States
21
NORTH AMERICA Regions of North America
The North American Core Largest Cities and Federal Capitals Leading Financial Markets Largest Number of Corporate Headquarters Dominant Media Centers Prestigious Universities Cutting-Edge Research Complexes Busiest Airports and Intercity Expressways More than One-Third National Populations American Manufacturing Belt
22
NORTH AMERICA Regions of North America
The Maritime Northeast Northern Border of Massachusetts to Newfoundland Difficult Environments Maritime Orientation Limited Resources Rural Character Slow Economic Development Primary Industries Fishing, Logging, Farming, Recreation, and Tourism Discovery of offshore oil reserves of Newfoundland and Labrador
23
NORTH AMERICA Regions of North America
French Canada Southern Quebec Focused on St. Lawrence River Valley—Montreal to the River’s Mouth French-speaking Acadians in New Brunswick Reject the notion of independence and promote efforts to keep Quebec within the Canadian federation Montreal Information Technology Telecommunications Biopharmaceuticals
24
NORTH AMERICA Regions of North America
Gap between rich and poor wide New South Virginia’s Washington suburbs, North Carolina’s Research Triangle, Tennessee’s Oak Ridge complex, Atlanta’s corporate campuses Old South Appalachia and rural Mississippi Tobacco, cotton, and sugar plantations Climate Warmer and more humid than Core and Southwest The Southeast Sunbelt Migration in 1970s Core-region companies located subsidiary offices Atlanta, Charlotte, Miami-Fort Lauderdale, Tampa Racial segregation dismantled by civil rights movement New facilities: Airports (Atlanta) to theme parks, CNN, Cape Canaveral
25
NORTH AMERICA Regions of North America
The Southwest East Texas to Eastern Southern California Environment Arid—Steppe and Desert Culture Anglo Hispanic Native American Economy Oil and Natural Gas Technopoles—State-of-the-Art, High Technology Industrial Complexes NAFTA
26
NORTH AMERICA Regions of North America
The Pacific Hinge California’s border with Mexico to Vancouver, British Columbia California, western portions of Oregon and Washington San Diego, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Portland, and Seattle California America’s most populous state Economy within world’s ten largest Productive agricultural regionCalifornia’s Central Valley Spectacular economic growth Culturally diverse population Involvement in the economic growth of countries on opposite shores of the Pacific Ocean Key interface between North American realm and the Pacific Rim China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam, Singapore
27
NORTH AMERICA Regions of North America
The Western Frontier From the Sierra Nevada Mountains and Cascades to the Rocky Mountains Parts of southern Alberta and British Columbia, eastern Washington State and Oregon, all of Nevada, Utah, and Idaho, western Montana, Wyoming, Colorado Las Vegas Fast-growing metropolitan area 40 million visitors annually Now, foreclosure, unemployment, due to national and global economic crises
28
NORTH AMERICA Regions of North America
The Continental Interior Interior Canada to the borders of the Southeast and Southwest Kansas City, Omaha, Minneapolis, Winnipeg Agriculture—Breadbasket Meat Belt—beef and pork Corn Belt—animal feed and ethanol Soybean Spring Wheat—Dakotas and Prairie Provinces Winter Wheat—Kansas Food processing, packing, marketing, flour milling, soybean, sunflower and canola oil production
29
U.S. FARM RESOURCE REGIONS
30
NORTH AMERICA Regions of North America
The Northern Frontier Largest region of the realm 90% of Canada and Alaska Isolated settlement Resources Canadian Shield Metallic ores such as nickel, uranium, copper, gold, silver, lead, and zinc Yukon and Northwest Territories Gold and diamonds
31
NORTH AMERICA Regions of North America
The Northern Frontier Alberta Oil reserves—Tar sands Vast deposits of “oil sands”petroleum is mixed with sand Expensive, complicated, damaging process to extract Athabasca Tar Sands constitute one of the world’s largest reserves Open-pit mining, Fort McMurray
32
NORTH AMERICA Regions of North America
The Northern Frontier Alaska North Slope oil exploitation1300-kilometer (800-mi) Trans-Alaska Pipeline Brooks Range to Arctic Ocean Dwindling supplies at Prudhoe Bay Additional reserves in Alaska’s north Opposition from preservationist groups Climate Change Global Warming very observable Recession of Arctic ice Fauna threatened Altered shipping routes and intercontinental distances
33
NORTH AMERICA Regions of North America
The Northern Frontier Canadian Boreal Forest Agreement Involves 21 logging firms, 9 environmental organizations, and the Canadian government Moratorium on logging within certain areas Boreal forest Dense stands of coniferous needle leaf trees (spruce, fir, and pine) Habitat of endangered wildlife species (caribou, lynx, American black bear, and wolverine)
34
Homework Read Textbook Chapter 3a/b Homework:
Choose one the Field Notes” subsection topic in Ch.3 textbook; research and summarize (1 page). OR Choose a realm/region within or adjacent to North America to review in detail (1 page). Use Chapter 3b for ideas and information, research and summarize.
Similar presentations
