1. ZAW HTET AUNG PROGRAMME ASSOCIATE RADANAR AYAR

2. Radanar Ayar What is Radanar Ayar doing? 1.Seed Production 2.Crop Production 3.Second Crop Production (Cash Crop) 4.FAATU’s Services

3. Harvesting is - the process of collecting mature rice crop from the field (Ref: IRRI)

4. Why PHM? Post-Harvest Management is a critical issue in both seed and crop production as many loses of products could come.

5. Have to care - To reduce the loses of product To avoid preventable damages To maintain the best quality since it was harvested

6. Have to consider - Cost(Affordable?) Labor(minimize the need of mass labor) (minimize the labor cost) Work done in shorter time? Easily Adoptable?

7. Minimizing the labor cost - It doesn’t mean the reduction in income of farm-labors. Instead, their daily income has increased according to work-done in shorter time.

8. Farming Tools encouraged by project A.Hand-Harvester B.Threshing Machine C.Flat-bed Dryer

9. Hand-Harvester Capacity:4 acres per day Labor:3 person Benefits: Reduce the time to harvest Reduce the labor difficulty Reduce the damage of seed/paddy Effective Management

10. Charges Estimation Type of Charges (daily basis) Total Operating Cost Services User Income of a labor Machine Operating48,000 Fuel Charges (2 Gal / 4 acre)7,600 Labor Charges (3 person)12,0004,000 This is calculated based on – 4 acres of paddies were harvested with 3 person in a day.

11. Operating with Hand-Harvester

12. Threshing Machine Capacity:30-40 baskets per hour Labor:3 person Benefits: Reduce the time to thresh Workable under any time Reduce the damage of seed/paddy Effective Management

13. Charges Estimation Type of Charges (100 baskets basis) Total Operating Cost Services User Income of a labor Machine Operating2,500 Fuel Charges (1½ Gal / 3 hr)5,700 Labor Charges (3 person)2,0004,0002,000 This is calculated based on – 100 baskets of seed/paddy have been threshed within 3 hours as a batch and 2 batches could be operated in a day.

14. Operating with Threshing Machine

15. Multipurpose Flat-bed Dryer It can be used as – 1.Drying Purposes 2.Compost Application 3.Storage Facility

16. Scheduling the usage of Multipurpose Flat-bed Dryer Drying Facility For MonsoonNovember - December For SummerMarch - April Compost Application 1 st RoundJanuary – February 2 nd RoundMay – June – July - August Storage Facility According to requirement

17. Dimension and Capacity Drying Bin Measurement (L x W x H) 12’ x 20’ x 4.5’ = 1,080 cu-ft Plenum Chamber (H) 1.5 feet (apprx. 300 baskets per batch-6 tons) Heating SystemRice-Hull Furnace Fan Type 30 inches Myanmar Industry Improved flow fan using large outlets Labor usageMaximum 3 person

18. Dimension and Capacity (contd) Energy for running fan10 - 13 HP Diesel Engine Heating Temperature40 - 43 degree Celsius Drying Rate1 – 1.5 % per hour Drying Chamber Type Flat-bed with perforated floor with sided air-duct line system Flat-bed dryer can be operated 3-4 batches for 24 hours operation if the labor is efficient (including for loading/unloading of paddy).

19. Benefits! Overcome weather limitation Prevent grain quality deterioration and loses Efficient drying Affordable initial investment for millers as well as farmers Rice husk (heating fuel) is available freely or at very cheap price Easy to maintain and no need special training

20. Benefits + No Effect on Germination as the temperature is only between 40-43 degree Celsius Drying Cost for one basket of paddy will be around 100 kyat (for large scale)

21. Charges Estimation Type of Charges (300 baskets/batch) Total Operating Cost Services User Income of a labor Machine Operating~30,000 Fuel (Diesel) (2½ Gal / 5 hr)9,500 Fuel (Husk) (20 baskets)1,500 Labor Charges (3 person)12,0004,000 This is calculated based on – 300 baskets of seed were reduced it’s MC from 20°C to 15°C within 5 hours. There may be 3-4 batches per day with sufficient labor for loading/unloading.

22. Multipurpose Flat-bed Dryer

23. Core Value in PHM Effective management Exact timing Cost-Effectiveness