1. Exclusive limits of DY processes QNP-2012, Ecole Polytechnique, April 19, 2012 Oleg Teryaev JINR, Dubna

2. Outline Nucleon structure: inclusive vs exclusive (Very) simple theory for Lam-Tung relations Semi-exclusive pion-nucleon DY (COMPASS) and pion DA Exclusive DY and GPDs BG-type duality in DY(@COMPASS&PANDA): Sivers function and time-like formfactors

3. QCD factorization mechanisms 40 years of QCD: Complicated processes without confinement theory – like pre- Darwinian biology – classification of MANY soft ingrediends (TMDs,GPDs – two faces of nucleon structure) Various factorization mechanisms may not be completely independent (duality, matching,…) Exclusivity for DY (TMD)pdf’s->GPDs

4. Positivity for dilepton angular distribution Angular distribution Positivity of the matrix (= hadronic tensor in dilepton rest frame) + cubic – det M 0 > 0 1 st line – Lam&Tung by SF method

5. Kinematic azimuthal asymmetry from polar one by rotation (~k T ) Only polar z asymmetry with respect to m! - azimuthal angle appears with new

6. Matching with pQCD results (J. Collins, PRL 42,291,1979) Direct comparison: tan 2 = (k T /Q) 2 Off-shellness effects for colliding (anti)quarks – cancel in GI set New ingredient – expression for Linear in k T Saturates positivity constr a int! Tests by J.-C. Peng,J.Roloff:often close to saturation Extra probe of transverse momentum

7. Generalized Lam-Tung relation (OT’05) Relation between coefficients (high school math sufficient!) Reduced to standard LT relation for transverse polarization ( =1) LT - contains two very different inputs: kinematical asymmetry+transverse polarization

8. Positivity domain with (G)LT relations “Standard” LT Longitudinal GLT 2 -2 1 -3

9. LT violation Azimuthal asymmetries at fundamental level required Privileged plane NLO-gluon emission BM-quark spins Off-shell quarks (NLO,HT)

10. Semi-Exclusive DY (large x F ) - Pion participates through Distribution Amplitude (Light-cone WF)

11. GI -> phase Colour GI -> second diagram -> phase Unpolarized – Brandenburg, Brodsky, Mueller(94) Longitudinally polarized –> SSA – Brandenburg, Mueller, OT(95) Refined DA – Bakulev, Stefanis,OT(07)

12. Pion DA Element of ERBL factorization Describes probability amplitude for the (anti) quark carrying given light-cone momentum fraction Interest recently increased due to BaBar (and expected BELLE) data for pion- photon transition formfactor-simplest exclusive process

13. Pion DA (Conservative) model of Bakulev, Mikhailov, Stefanis vs (3D) fit

14. Comparison to holographic model

15. Angular distributions – probes of DA Unpolarized Polarized

16. Asymmetries vs data

17. Polarization -> scanning of DA

18. When transition to exclusivity happen? Pion pdf ~(1-x) a HT ~ ( f/Q) 2 Transition: (1-x) a ~ ( f/Q) 2 Strongly depends on pion pdf ( large x dependence) and DA

19. From semi- to pure exclusive Simplest case - pion FF(ERBL) Change DA to GPD- exclusive electroproduction Time from right to left- exclusive DY (DAxGPD)- talks of L. Szymanowski, J. Wagner Second DA->GPD-another mechanism- OT’05 (problems with factorization -analytic continuation to be performed) s s1s1 s2s2 1 2

20. Properties of exclusive DY Polarization T->L Difference in sign between imaginary parts of electroproduction and DY-> exclusive analog of famous Sivers function sign change Final proton is not mandatory – small missing mass ~at rest for fixed target-possible at COMPASS PP(NICA): TDA p->pp (to be compared with p->D) Test of scaling Estimates for COMPASS ~ 10 3 events Exclusive limit with antiproton beam – relation to time-like FF’s

21. Role of subtractions (related to d term)

22. SSA in DY TM integrated DY with one transverse polarized beam – unique SSA – gluonic pole (Hammon, Schaefer, OT) – “factor 2” problem (Anikin,OT) Related to the moment of Sivers function

23. Sivers function and formfactors Relation between Sivers function and AMM known on the level of matrix elements (Brodsky, Schmidt, Burkardt) Phase? Duality for observables?

24. DY and time-like FF’s DIS for x -> 1 relation to space-like FF’s (Drell,Yan’70) Pdf ~(1-x) a (FF) 2 ~(1/Q 2 ) (a+1) DY(OT’08): 2 pdf’s enter BUT “duality interval” in x-space ~1/Q vs ~(1/Q) 2 in DIS Same Q - dependence but – different normalization

25. BG/DYW type duality for DY SSA in exclusive limit Proton-antiproton DY – valence annihilation - cross section is described by Dirac FF squared The same SSA due to interference of Dirac and Pauli FF’s with a phase shift (Rekalo,Brodsky) Exclusive (large dilepton mass) limit; x -> 1 : T(x,x)/q(x) -> Im F 2 /F 1 (Q ~ 1 /(1-x)) Both directions – estimate of Sivers at large x and explanation of phases in FF’s Compatible with models for Sivers ~(1-x) 4-5 Possibilities; estiamate SCALE of Sivers Common fits of Sivers and FF’s?

26. Conclusions (Semi)exclusive limits of DY – interesting theoretically Feasibility at various experiments remains to be studied New relations to time-like FF’s