1. Presented by: Nandhitha.M Under the guidance of: Mrs. Suma. R Associate profesor and Hod Dept of Computer Science and Engineering

2.  Objective  Abstract  Introduction  Problem definition  Literature survey  Proposed System  Advantges and Limitations  Future Work  Conclusion  References

3.  The main purpose of this paper is to establish secure routing in mobile ad hoc networks.  An effective de-centralised algorithm against malicious attacks  FACES algorithm is based on trust establishment of friends for secure routing in ad-hoc networks.  Friend rating scheme is a continuous process. Authentication of nodes by posing challenges.

4.  Uses Challenges to establish security is an algorithm  The scheme proposed has been drawn from a network of friends in real life scenarios.  The algorithm is divided into four stages, viz. Challenge Your Neighbour, Rate Friends, Share Friends and Route through Friends.  One of the major advantages of this scheme is that the nodes do not need to promiscuously listen to the traffic passing through their neighbours.  The information about the malicious nodes is gathered effectively by using Challenges, which reduces the overhead on networks.

5.  Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)  Challenges in MANETs  Attacks in MANETs  Goals of any Secure Routing

6.  Collection of mobile nodes forming a temporary network  No centralized administration or standard support services  Each Host is an independent router  Self-configuring infrastructure less network of mobile devices connected by wireless links  No need for existing infrastructure

8.  Easier to Tap  Limited Capacity  Dynamic Nature  Susceptible to Attacks

9.  Passive attacks: No change in data content. Intruder is not detected  Active attacks: Intruder can affect the communication by modifying the data, misleading the nodes in the network.

10.  MANETs are vulnerable to attacks because of their structure less property.  Due to this dynamic topology they are prone to active and passive attacks.  Prevention against these attacks, enabling secure routing is a primary need in mobile Ad Hoc networks.

11.  DMR Security enhancement through multiple path transmission in ad hoc networks by T.Haniotakis, S. Tragoudas, and C. Kalapodas  TMR Security in mobile ad-hoc networks using soft encryption and trust based multipath routing by P. Narula, S.K.Dhurandher, S. Misra, and I. Woungang  MTMR Multi-path and message trust-based secure routing in ad hoc networks by S. K. Dhurandher and V. Mehra

12.  FACES algorithm divided into 4 stages  Challenge Your Neighbour  Rate Friends periodic  Share Friends  Route Through Friends - on Deman d  Establishment of friend networks in MANET

14.  Each node incorporates its neighbours in UL initially  Node A picks B &performs share friends stage  B sends either its FL / UL  A picks 1 node which it can reach on its own,C  2 ways to reach C  A initiates challenge & encrypts with pub key of C (pub key of A)  B forwards it to C, C decrypts, respond to challenge &encrypt with pubic key of A  C Computes c^d mod n and sends the result to the two paths.  A receives result from 2 routes, compares & if same, add B to FL(A)

18.  Three classes of ratings for each node in FL  Data Rating (DR)  Friend Rating (FR)  Net Rating (NR)

19.  Periodic process  Use control packet FREQ  After friend sharing, challenges are initiated for those nodes which were not in FL.  If a node is already in the friend list the node updates its FL.  After friend sharing, a node start data session/sit idle

20.  When a node wants to transmit data, it initiates Route request message within the network also sends the no: of data packets  Source node Evaluates route reply messages from networks with public key of destination  Routes data through best possible route & waits for an acknowledgement of the no: of data packets received by destination  If no: of packets sent= received, then data rating of nodes included in transmission will be increased

21.  If packets are dropped/no acknowledgement from destination source initiates sequential challenge  Result of sequential challenge ->misbehaving nodes(removed from FL & added to QL )  If all nodes completes sequential challenge successfully ->data loss due to unintended behaviour, initiates packets from destination  On receiving packets, source evaluate that packets loss occurred at which all nodes, decreases rating of those nodes

22.  Military communication devices or police communication devices.  Bank communications across secure networks.

23.  Challenge based authentication helps to isolate malicious node with ease  Continuous rating of friends helps to secure networks which are dynamic  Packet delivery ratio is less for less number of nodes.  Multiple path discovery for friend rating is time consuming.

24.  Comparison of FACES protocol with Aradine, ARAN can be investigated to improve the performance.  An algorithm to increase packet sending ratio as a feedback mechanism will help increase PDR.

25.  Challenge based authentication helps to isolate malicious nodes with ease.  Continuous rating of friends helps secure ad hoc mobile networks which are dynamic.

26.  [ 1] Sanjay K. Dhurandher, Mohammad S. Obaidat, Karan Verma, Pushkar Gupta, and Pravina Dhurandher,”FACES: Friend-Based Ad Hoc Routing Using Challenges to Establish Security inMANETs systems”, ieee systems journal, vol. 5, no. 2, june 2011.  [2] D. P. Agrawal and Q.-A. Zeng, Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Systems. Pacific Grove,CA: Brooks/Cole, Thomson, 2002.  [3] T.Haniotakis, S. Tragoudas, and C. Kalapodas,“Security enhancement through multiple pathtransmission in ad hoc networks,”in 2004 IEEE Int. Conf. Communications, Jun. 2004, vol. 7, pp.41874191.  [4] P. Narula, S. K. Dhurandher, S. Misra, and I. Woungang, “Security in mobile ad-hoc networksusing soft encryption and trust based multipath routing,”Sci. Direct Comput. Commun., vol. 31,pp. 760– 769, 2008.  [5] S. K. Dhurandher and V. Mehra,“Multi-path and message trust-based secure routing in ad hocnetworks,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Advances in Computing, Control and TelecommunicationTechnologies (ACT 2009), Trivandrum, India, Dec. 28 – 29, 2009, pp. 189 – 194.

27. Questions?