1. Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Supporting Spirituality Spirituality in nursing Recognized as component of person’s well- being Holistic health

2. Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Concepts of Spirituality  Spirituality  an abstract and elusive term defined as an attachment to the values of the spirit, an immaterial aspect  Sense of connectedness with oneself, others, nature, and/or God  faith connectedness with mind, body, spirit.  Religion  Belief system, including dogma, rituals, and traditions

3. Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Concepts of Spirituality  Faith  Belief or commitment to something or someone that helps a person realize purpose  Atheist has no faith in God or a Supreme Being  Agnostic is undecided  Spirituality and health  Spiritual well-being  Spiritual health  Spiritual distress

4. Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Major Religions  Describe:  Hinduism  Buddhism  Taoism  Judaism  Christianity  Islam  Native American religion

5. Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Factors Affecting Spirituality  Factors across the life span  Children: teaching and learning focus  Adolescents and young adults: time of questioning  Middle adults: reevaluation of life priorities  Older adults: spirituality increasingly more important  Physiological factors  Can initiate a spiritual conflict  Cultural/lifestyle factors  Influence spiritual needs and preferences  Psychosocial factors

6. Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. spiritual health  sense of personal fulfillment  peace with self and world  fulfillment in life  has a basic purpose in life;experiences joy, love,peace

7. Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. characteristics of spiritual well being  Concern for others and self  sense of meaning and enjoyment in life  commitment to purposes greater than the self  sense of connectedness  means for moving through debilitating guilt, anger or anxiety  life affirming relationships or interconnectedness with God or a supreme being, self, community, and environment

8. Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. General Assessment  Health history  Religious preference  Spiritual beliefs and practices  Spiritual assessment tools o Is God important to you right now? o Has God been important in the past? o Are your religious practices meaningful for you now? Were they in the past? o Have you found your prayers to be helpful now? In the past? o Has your current illness affected your spiritual experiences?

9. Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Focused Assessments  For Spiritual distress  Impaired ability to experience or integrate meaning of life through connections  Challenged belief and value system  Separation from religious or cultural ties  For Readiness for enhanced spiritual well-being  Inner strengths  Unfolding mystery  Connection with self, others, environment, and God or a Supreme Being

10. Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Focused Assessments  For Impaired religiosity  Difficulty in maintaining required practices or rituals  Emotional distress due to separation  For Readiness for enhanced spiritual religiosity  Acknowledges need for participation  Asks for clergy, rabbi, or religious leader  Expresses need for forgiveness or reconciliation with others

11. Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Diagnoses  Defining characteristics  Client’s relationship to God or a Supreme Being  Client’s beliefs and values  Client’s search for meaning and purpose in life  Related diagnoses  Ineffective coping  Hopelessness  Dysfunctional grieving

12. Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Planning (Expected Outcomes)  Spiritual distress  Nurse establishes expected outcomes with client  Target dates may be unrealistic owing to complex nature of spiritual domain  Develop an inner spiritual peace and well-being  Create, maintain, or renew relationships  Love expressed through relationships  Nurse helps client search for meaning  Need for hope

13. Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Planning (Expected Outcomes)  Readiness for enhanced spiritual well-being  Expresses a heightened sense of connectedness with self, others, environment, or God or a Supreme Being  Impaired religiosity  Strengthens reliance on religious beliefs and practices  Additional outcomes based on individual needs

14. Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Interventions  Spiritual distress  Communicating effectively  Active listening  Being present with the client  Promoting a spiritual environment  Helping the client maintain relationships  Helping the client explore meaning

15. Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Interventions  Readiness for enhanced spiritual well-being  Encouraging hope  Helping client interpret crises as spiritual growth  Helping client deal with suffering

16. Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Interventions  Impaired religiosity  Encouraging participation in religious practices  Providing access to spiritual leaders  Readiness for enhanced spiritual religiosity  Assists clients with use of religious practices  Identify clients at risk for excessive dependence on religious beliefs

17. Elsevier items and derived items © 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Evaluation  Characteristics of spiritual well-being  Sense of inner peace  Compassion for others  Reverence for life  Gratitude  Appreciation of both unity and diversity  Humor  Wisdom  Generosity  Ability to transcend the self  Capacity for unconditional love