1. Computer Programming Software

2. Two Basic Classifications System / Application Software

3. System Software is any computer software which manages and controls computer hardware – Linux, Microsoft Windows, and Mac OS X are examples. System software performs tasks like transferring data from memory to disk, or rendering text onto a display device. Application Software are programs that enable the end-user to perform specific, productive tasks, such as word processing or image manipulation. Application software employs the capabilities of a computer directly to complete a task that the user wishes to perform.

4. One way of demonstrating the relationship between them …

5. Software Categories Vertical software developed for a specific 'type' of client, usually a specialist of some kind (e.g. accountants, doctors, retail outlet) may be customisable Custom software written for a specific client Horizontal software designed to be useful for a wide range of users performing varied tasks

6. Software User Interfaces Text-based interfaces (CLIs) Command line: user types in specified commands with fixed syntax (example)(example) Menu-driven: user chooses from a 'list' of options ('point and shoot') (example)(example) Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) user works with operating system through the GUI places special demands on hardware (especially display and memory) applications are 'tied' to the interface supports multitasking though use of windows

7. Operating system developments on microcomputers Virtual memory provides more memory without extra (costly) RAM requires fast secondary storage essential for multitasking Print Spooling form of background processing example of multitasking Various forms of cross-platform standardisation