1. 4-2. FLOOD 4-2-1. Generals Overflow of water that submerges lan d which is usually dry Occurs whenever/wherever the water is supplied more than the drainage capacity (how about sea flooding?) Upstream vs. downstream flooding

3. 4-2-2. Stream (River) The main drainage of the watershed – so critical for the flooding Probably the most significant medium for erosion, transportation & sedimentation on land We are still heavily dependent on streams

4. http://thebritishgeographer.weebly.com/river-landforms.html

6. Meandering Mississippi River. http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/landsat/news/40th-earthasart.html

7. 4-2-3. Flood Damage Function of Water precipiation Drainage capability Landforms Floodplain usage Population

8. 4-2-4. Flood Effects Primary Loss of life Damages to the properties Loss of the soils Pollution of water Secondary Disease (epidemic) Shortage of supplies (food, water etc) Economic hardship Psychological damage

9. 4-2-5. Human Interference Artificial walls (levee) Channel dredging Dams Discuss “Four Major Rivers Projects”

10. For the third time in 15 years the Mississippi River massively burst its banks this spring, inundating tiny Missouri towns such as Winfield (population 720) and Foley (population 178), causing potentially billions of dollars' worth of destruction—although the damages are still being assessed—and hiking corn prices to $8.00 a bushel in the wake of the lost crop http://www.ehponline.org/members/2008/116-9/spheres.html

11. http://igbs.kr/content.asp%3FMco...eNo%3D11 Soyang Dam

12. Flood Damage in Longarone Village A church tower remains standing in the Italian village of Longarone after flood waters from the Vaiont Dam roared through the village, destroying most of it and killing over 2,000 people. October 10, 1963. http://www.corbisimages.com/Enlargement/Enlargement.aspx?id=BE025609&ext=1 1963. 10. 9. Italy Vaiont Dam Disaster

13. http://engjjang.egloos.com/viewer/10488208

14. 4-2-6. Flood Forcasting? http://serc.carleton.edu/images/quantskills/methods/quantlitf http://www.trincoll.edu/~jgourley/GEOS%20112%20Stream%20Discharge.htm

15. 4-2-7. Urbanization and Flood http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_keller_introenvgeo_3/21/5391/1380326.cw/content/index.html

16. 4-2-8. Measures Regulations on floodplain usage Insurance Preparation (of food and other supplies) for emergencies Hazard map

17. http://pinalcountyaz.gov/DEPARTMENTS/PUBLICWORKS/FLOODCONTROLDISTRICT/FLOODPLAIN/Pages/ FloodplainTerms.aspx

19. 4-2-9. Deadliest Floods (from Wikipedia “Flood”) Death tollEventLocationDate 2,500,000–3,700,0001931 China floodsChina1931 900,000–2,000,0001887 Yellow River (Huang He) floodChina1887 500,000–700,0001938 Yellow River (Huang He) floodChina1938 231,000 Banqiao Dam failure, result of Typhoon Nina. Appr oximately 86,000 people died from flooding and an other 145,000 died during subsequent disease. China1975 230,000Indian Ocean tsunamiIndonesia2004 145,0001935 Yangtze river floodChina1935 100,000+St. Felix's Flood, storm surgeNetherlands1530 100,000Hanoi and Red River Delta floodNorth Vietnam1971 100,0001911 Yangtze river floodChina1911