1. Supply and Demand

2. Law of Demand The rule people will buy more at lower prices than at higher prices if all other factors are constant You must be able, willing, during a given period of time The Demand Curve slopes down and to the right.

3. Diminishing Marginal Utility The principle that as units of a product are consumed during a given time period, the additional satisfaction becomes less and less As price of the product falls, there are income and substitution effects that encourage consumption

4. Income Effect/Substitution Effect The income effect is the increasing or decreasing prices on the buying power of income The substitution effect is the effect of increasing or decreasing relative prices on the mix of goods purchased.

5. Increase in Demand Consumers’ income may increase Consumers attitude may change The price of the complimentary product may decrease The price of a substitute product may increase DEMAND DECREASES WHEN THE OPPOSITE OF THESE OCCUR!!

6. Supply The amount of goods and services that producers are willing to sell at each specific price in a given market as a given point in time. *** Supply involves the amount that producers are willing to sell at different prices; it does not mean that they will be able to sell the goods at the prices they desire

7. Law of Supply Assuming all things are constant, the price of a good increases, the quantity supplied of the good also increases This is why the Supply Curve slopes upward and to the right As with demand, changes in the price of a product will affect quantity supplied- movements will occur on the same supply curve.

8. Four Factors of production Land Labor Capital Entrepreneurship

9. Measuring production Businesses measure how much is produced during a given time period to make sure they are not producing to much or to little Count units instead of dollars Average product- The number of units of output produced per unit of input.

10. Marginal product- The amount that total product increases or decreases if one more unit of an input is used.

11. The Short Run and Long Run The short run is any period during which the usable amount of at least one input is fixed The long run is a period during which the amounts of all inputs used can be changed

12. Diminishing Marginal Productivity The principle that as more of any variable input is added to a fixed amount of other inputs, the rate at which output goes up becomes less and less.