1. Are All Subliminal Messages Intentionally Inserted? These messages tend not to be clear and obvious

2. Are All Subliminal Messages Intentionally Inserted? These messages tend not to be clear and obvious Could it be that our brains mistakenly see or hear messages that aren’t really there?

3. Are All Subliminal Messages Intentionally Inserted? These messages tend not to be clear and obvious Could it be that our brains mistakenly see or hear messages that aren’t really there? Do brains make stuff up!?

4. Are All Subliminal Messages Intentionally Inserted? These messages tend not to be clear and obvious Could it be that our brains mistakenly see or hear messages that aren’t really there? Do brains make stuff up!? Absolutely! All the time.

5. Are All Subliminal Messages Intentionally Inserted? Is there really a dog or are the spots enough like a dog for your brain to fill in the rest?

6. Are All Subliminal Messages Intentionally Inserted? Some other examples brains making guesses with your perception Missing fundamental, color constancy, Kaniza triangle,the blindspot, illusory conjunctions, misinformation effect, false memories

7. Subliminal “Messages” Where you Least Expect Them How did Vokey and Read test the idea that subliminal messages might just be a case of mistaken perception?

8. Subliminal “Messages” Where you Least Expect Them They examined passages from various sources (Jabberwokey and the 23rd Psalm) played backwards to identify candidate messages The “subliminal” message is:

9. Subliminal “Messages” Where you Least Expect Them They examined passages from various sources (Jabberwokey and the 23rd Psalm) played backwards to identify candidate messages The “subliminal” message is: “saw a girl with a weasel in her mouth”

10. Subliminal “Messages” Where you Least Expect Them Listeners were given each passage (backwards) and asked to listen for 12 possible messages Listeners detected “messages” in the appropriate passage

11. Subliminal “Messages” Where you Least Expect Them Interpretation: Your brain is remarkably good at “active construction” of patterns amid a background of noise.

12. Subliminal “Messages” Where you Least Expect Them Interpretation: Your brain is remarkably good at “active construction” of patterns amid a background of noise. Creative listening by (well-meaning?) public censors can go very wrong

13. Subliminal “Messages” Where you Least Expect Them Consider the trial of Judas Priest –Band sued for inserting the message “do it” which allegedly lead to the suicide of two teens Listen for “Do It”The “do its”

14. Subliminal “Messages” Where you Least Expect Them Consider the trial of Judas Priest –Band sued for inserting the message “do it” which allegedly lead to the suicide of two teens Band acquitted on the basis of expert testimony

15. Expert Testimony !

16. Subliminal “Messages” Where you Least Expect Them With enough creativity and patience one can see “subliminal messages” just about anywhere:

17. Subliminal “Messages” Where you Least Expect Them Our perceptual mechanisms are great at extracting meaningful images from noisy stimuli. For example - the famous face on Mars: Viking, 1976

18. Subliminal “Messages” Where you Least Expect Them Given a clearer picture it looks a lot less like a face: Mars Global Surveyor, 2001

19. Summary Senso ry Signal s Sensory Memory Short- Term Memory Long- Term Memory ATTENTION REHEARSAL RETRIEVAL