1. By: Erika Liebel 1

2. Republic of Texas is Born
March 2, 1836
Interim Government
David G. Burnet – President
Lorenzo de Zavala – Vice President 2

3. David G. Burnet
Interim President
Interim = Temporary 3

4. Sam Houston Elected to 2 terms Sympathetic to American Indians
Favored Annexation
Down-sized military
Financial cutbacks
Tried to decommission the Texas Navy a 2nd time 4

5. Mirabeau B. Lamar The “Education President” Against annexation
Massive debt – Issued Redbacks (Texas Money)
Moved capitol from Houston to Austin
Hostile toward American Indians
Supported Texas expansion separate from the U.S. 5

6. Anson Jones Obtained recognition of the Republic of Texas
The “Silent President” secretly promoted annexation
Decommissioned the Texas Navy
President of Texas at the time of annexation. 6

7. Texas Rangers
A group of law enforcement officers originally formed by Stephen F. Austin to keep peace in the colonies
The least expensive way to protect the Texas frontier

8. Edwin Moore Commander of Texas Navy in 1839
Suspended then court- martialed by Houston- found not guilty
Wrote book To the People of Texas (personal vindication)
Prosecuted financial claims against Texas

9. Jack Coffee Hays Noted Indian fighter
Commanded 1st Regiment of Texas Mounted volunteers
One of the most dangerous & influential Texas Ranger
Sided with Anglos in all disputes

10. Chief Bowles Known as “Peace Chief” United several Cherokee tribes
Petitioned the Spanish for a land grant for Cherokee inhabited land in east Texas.
Expelled by Mirabeau Lamar and died while resisting expulsion at the Battle of Neches

11. William Goyens Keen business man
Father was a free mulatto, and his mother was a white women
Cherokee interpreter – helped negotiate treaty with Sam Houston
One of the few free African- Americans in Texas

12. Mary Maverick
Alabama born Texas pioneer, attorney, wife, mother, activist
Kept detailed diaries of her experiences on the Texas frontier and later turned them in to memoirs

13. Jose Antonio Navarro
1 of the 3 Mexican signers of the Texas Declaration of Independence
Only Hispanic delegate to the convention of 1845
Texas State Senator

14. Events 14

15. Plot of rebellion against the Republic of Texas - 1838
Cordova Rebellion
Plot of rebellion against the Republic of Texas 15

16. Cordova Rebellion
East Texas group who was loyal to Mexico were not allowed to assemble or carry arms.
Vicente Cordova & followers proclaimed they would not tolerate violations of their rights.
Thomas Rusk ordered 150 men to proceed toward Cherokee territory to find the insurrectionists against Houston’s orders
Rusk allied with Lamar – no members of Cordova’s group were arrested and went into hiding. 16

17. Cordova Rebellion
Cordova & Chief Bowles allied with Mexico to harass Texas
The Cherokee War & removal of indians began shortly after
33 insurrectionists with Spanish surnames were arrested for Treason 17

18. This incident contributed to continued frontier violence
Council House Fight
This incident contributed to continued frontier violence 18

19. Council House Fight
Comanche peace representatives arrived in San Antonio where Texans demanded release of white captives, and ordered Comanches out of Central Texas.
Comanches returned with a few prisoners – Texans demanded the rest of the captives be released
Texas soldiers entered the Council House where negotiations were going on and held the Chiefs hostage until prisoners were returned. 19

20. Council House Fight
Texan soldiers killed most of the Comanches in the Council House courtyard 20

21. Santa Fe Expedition
1841 – Mirabeau Lamar’s attempt to divert trade from the Santa Fe Trail to Texas and to exert political control of the New Mexico settlements by having them join the Republic of Texas. 21

22. Santa Fe Expedition
Congress would not approve the idea so Lamar offered merchants protection of their goods.
Essentially Lamar’s appointees supported Mexico and the whole expedition and trade route fell into Mexican hands
Lamar and other Texans accused Juan Seguin of being a spy for Mexico, causing him to flee Texas for Mexico.
This renewed interest in Texas by the US and Mexico. 22

23. Texas Navy
Launched in 1836 to protect lines between US & Texas with the purchase and commission of 4 vessels
The Republic purchased 6 more ships that defended the Texas coast until a truce signed with Mexico in and then the US agreed to protect Texas
By 1837 all ships had been lost at sea, run aground, captured or sold to settle repair bills 23

24. Public Debt
Republic of Texas inherited debt from the provisional and ad interim governments in the form of loans & claims for services and supplies.
More than doubled during Houston’s first presidency, (1.2 million to 3.25 million) Lamar’s presidency added another 4.85 million. Through many attempts to lower debt at the time of annexation public debt had risen to 12 million and was absorbed by the US. 24

25. Roles of Racial & Ethnic Groups
Anglos – Took the majority of the leadership roles during the Revolution & Republic Era
Indians – Frontier wars – in conflict with Anglos over land. Most were expelled from Texas during Lamar’s Presidency 25

26. Roles of Racial & Ethnic Groups
Mexicans – Tejanos served in the Texas army and served as liaison between Mexicans and Anglos/ Mexicans fought against Texans and viewed them as traitors. Many Mexicans lost their land and left Texas because they no longer felt wanted.
African-Americans – Slaves and/ or supporting Anglos in the Revolution - later buffalo soldiers 26

27. Issues 27

28. Location of the Capitol
Issues
Location of the Capitol
Lack of Recognition
Slavery
Disputes between Houston & Lamar on location of capitol prevented focus on greater issues & incurred expenses for the change in capitol
Constant battle for Texas administration which prevented the standing of Texas for financial issues, left Texas vulnerable for invasion
Became an issue for annexation, split the population. 28

29. Issues Public Debt Unrest in the Army Conflicts with American Indians
Texas could not afford operating expenses, annexation could solve debt problems. Couldn’t collect tariffs on foreign goods
Unreliable protection due to furloughs and postponed salaries. Houston fired soldiers who wanted to fight Mexico
Safety of citizens, expense for protection, added to unrest and vulnerability for invasion 29

30. Border Disputes with Mexico
Issues
Other Issues
U.S. President James K. Polk supported Texas annexation
U.S. settlers wanted Texas fertile land
American merchants wanted Texas as a stop on their way to the ports of California
Massive public debt caused Texans to need financial support from the US
Frontier wars and threat of invasion from Mexico presented the need for protection by the US
Border Disputes with Mexico
Since Texas had problems with the Army, protection and invasion became an issue, annexation could provide military protection. No-man’s land (area between Nueces & Rio Grande since both countries claimed different borders 30