1. 2INC0 Operating Systems Introduction to Linux
Joris Geurts

2. practical schedule week 1: introduction Linux introduction C practical
next weeks:
explanation assignment 1/2/3

3. What is Linux?

4. characteristics developed in 1970's by Ritchie and Thomson multi user
multi tasking

5. advantages different hardware: IBM, Mips, Intel, ARM simple structure
elaborate software tooling
command interpreter: the SHELL
principles applied in a consequent way

6. disadvantages cryptic names, e.g.: cat filename
cryptic syntax: \ / * $ " ' ` ~ e.g.: grep "*.$1" `pick *.c` | lpr
many members of the family, and they differ (Debian, Red Hat, Ubuntu, OpenSuse, Fedora, etc.)

7. Unix family tree
August 31, 2010
Joris Geurts

8. Some Unix characteristics
‘Everything is a file’
including screen, mouse, hard disk etc.
All (system) commands are just applications
including login procedure, file and directory management,
large and powerful set of commands
The central role of the shell (command interpreter)
typing rather than clicking
Built-in management of different users
multi-tasking and multi-user

9. Linux take-off
August 31, 2010
Joris Geurts

10. Linux family tree

11. Linux distributions (600+)
kernel + libraries + software applications
August 31, 2010
Joris Geurts

12. Linux desktop environments
Unity
KDE
GNOME

13. Using Linux: virtualization
VMware
Linux Ubuntu image

14. commands in a shell
interaction with the OS, e.g.: ls
date
whoami
cal

15. Command summary Joris Geurts Commands (find out their functionality)ls
mkdir, cp, mv, which, chmod, echo, grep, pwd, cat, ps
man
input/output redirect
ls > file
command1 | command2 | command3
cat /etc/passwd | sort | less
less /etc/passwd
editors
kate, gedit, vi
(to be installed) emacs, joe, nano, eclipse
Joris Geurts

16. Practical assignments (shell)
Startup and login to the system
Username: student Password: student
Create a directory in
Your home directory (/home/student/)
The temporary directory (/tmp/)
The root directory (/)
Copy the password file to your home directory
Search where the ls binary is located
Determine its owner and permissions
Record this information in a file
Do a tutorial
Install Dropbox (via Software Center)
Joris Geurts

17. C programming language
Language of the Linux kernel and many of the applications
Low-level
No memory protection
No garbage collection
No decent string type
Direct memory pointer manipulation
High execution performance possible
At the cost of a longer development time 17

18. importance of C
source:

19. Hello World see http://www.fhict.nl/docent/downloads/2INC0/
compile and run
$ gcc -o helloworld helloworld.c
$ ./helloworld
printf
int i = 73;
printf ("Hello World\n");
printf ("decimal display: %d\n", i);
printf ("hexadecimal display: %04x\n", i);
debugger…
Joris Geurts

20. Debugging with nemiver
sudo apt-get install nemiver (only once; already done)
gcc -g –Wall –o myapp myapp.c
nemiver myapp &
set breakpoints
run, step, etc.
inspect variables
Joris Geurts 20

21. Pointers in C roughly said: C pointer = Java reference
C struct = Java object with public variables, without methods
Practical: see the comments in helloworld.c for extra assignments
Joris Geurts 21